Colloidal Carriers: A Rising Tool for Therapy of Tuberculosis

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is the second most deadly infectious disease, caused mainly by M. tuberculosis in humans, usually affecting the lungs; it also attacks other parts of the body. The design of novel antibiotics attempts to overcome drug resistance, to shorten the treatment course, and to reduce drug interactions with antiretroviral therapies. Overcoming technological drawbacks of these therapeutic agents as well as improving the effectiveness of the drugs by targeting the infection reservoirs remain the central aims of pharmaceutical technology. In this framework, colloidal carriers appear as one of the most promising approaches for the development of more effective and compliant medicines by releasing the drugs slowly over prolonged time periods and reducing the current costs of treatment. Due to unique physicochemical properties (ultrasmall and controllable size, large surface area to mass ratio, high reactivity, and functionalizable structure) of colloidal carriers, they can facilitate the administration of antitubercular drugs, thereby overcoming some of the limitations in traditional antitubercular therapeutics. In recent years, encapsulation of antitubercular drugs in colloidal carrier systems is emerging as an innovative and promising alternative with enhanced therapeutic effectiveness and reduced undesirable side effects of the encapsulated drugs. The present review aims to describe the current conventional as well as combination drug therapy with special consideration towards the emerging role of novel colloidal carriers designed and targeted against TB. Colloidal carriers employing drugs alone or in combination targeted towards the site of action could lead to reduction in duration of conventional treatment, higher patient fulfillment, and prevention of antitubercular drug resistance or toxicity.

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“…They can be derived from the emulsions for parenteral administration by replacing the liquid lipid (oil) of the emulsion droplets by a solid lipid [63]. SLN are advantageous as compared to polymeric nanoparticles as they can be produced by high pressure homogenisation identical to parenteral O/W emulsions [64]. To develop an alternative formulation of paclitaxel suitable for parenteral administration, sterically stabilised solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with paclitaxel were prepared by Lee et al Treatment of the OVCAR-3 cell line and the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with paclitaxel-loaded SLNs yielded cytotoxicities which were similar to those of a commercially available Cremophor EL-based paclitaxel formulation.…”

Innovative Therapeutic Approaches Based on Nanotechnology for the Treatment and Management of Tuberculosis

“…In comparison to the airways, the alveoli have an extremely large surface size and intimate air-blood contact, making them less well-defended towards inhaled NPs. 41 The nanocarrier system of antibiotics was created with the goal of eliminating the issue of drug resistance, shortening treatment duration, and reducing drug side effects with antiretroviral treatment. However, the first generations of ATDs still are effective.…”

“…The nanocarriers that are currently under the stage of research and clinical trial for TB delivery include chitosan NPs, micelles, silica NPs, dendrimers, liposomes, gold NPs, carbon nanotubes, etc. 41…”

“…Effective uptake of radio-labeled SLNs by the lungs was observed and indicated a sustained release of the antibiotic payloads carried by the SLNs, that can efficiently clear the viruses and bacteria hosted at these lymphatic zones. 41…”

Drug delivery system on the base of phospholipid nanoparticles for rifampicin

“…Существенное внимание уделяется разработке различных систем транспорта рифампицина, в том числе на основе наночастиц, помогающих преодолеть его низкую растворимость. Имеются сообщения о включении рифампицина (иногда в комплексе с другими противотуберкулёзными препаратами первого ряда) в липосомы, наноэмульсии, ниосомы, полимерные наночастицы и мицеллы [2,4,8,9]. Большинство разрабатываемых транспортных систем с встроенным рифампицином предназначено для ингаляционного или инъекционного введения.…”