All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals have emerged as promising luminescent quantum dots. In this review, we summarize recent work on their synthesis, luminescent properties, and stabilities. Through controlling the composition of the alloyed halides and quantum size effects, the band gaps and emission wavelengths of CsPbX 3 nanocrystals are readily tunable over the entire visible range. Their sharp emission line-widths extend the color gamut of liquid crystal displays. They also exhibit high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields and fast PL lifetimes. CsPbX 3 nanocrystals with both cubic and plate shapes have been successfully synthesized through several liquid-phase methods, such as hot-injection, room-temperature, and amine-free methods. The sizes and shapes of CsPbX 3 nanocrystals can be controlled via the reaction temperature and the length of the n-alkyl carboxylic acids and n-alkylamines used in their synthesis. Several attempts have been made to improve their stabilities during storage, at high temperature, and under light irradiation, for example by incorporation of CsPbX 3 nanocrystals into silica or polymer matrixes. In the liquid crystal display (LCD) industry, much research currently focuses on achieving the Rec. 2020 color gamut, which is the color standard for ultra-high-definition television broadcasting.1 An LCD backlight is composed of blue LEDs together with phosphors converting blue light to green and red. Extending the color gamut requires sharper emission spectra from the phosphors and finer tuning of their emission wavelengths. K 2 SiF 6 :Mn 4+ has attracted attention because of its sharp red-emission spectrum.2 In contrast, conventional green phosphors doped with rare earths suffer from low color purity. In recent years, LCD backlights based on quantum dots (QDs) with high color purity have been developed. QDs also possess color-tunable properties, because the bandgaps that determine their luminescent colors can be controlled through quantum size effects. Core/shell-type CdSe/ZnS QDs are widely used, but the high toxicity of cadmium and selenium is a major drawback. Alternatively, InP/ZnS QDs have been adopted in LCD backlights, but this solution suffers from the scarcity of indium and the sensitivity of InP to ambient O 2 and H 2 O. Very recently, CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals have emerged as promising QDs.3 CsPbX 3 has crystal structure of cubic perovskite, as shown in Figure 1a. CsPbX 3 QDs are novel materials with many attractive photoluminescence (PL) properties, such as high quantum yields (QYs), narrow PL peaks, and emission colors that are controllable by halide anion exchange and quantum size effects. These properties make them potentially applicable in not only wide-colorgamut displays 3,4 (Figure 2), but also photovoltaic devices, 5 lasers, 6 photodetectors, 7 and bioimaging. 8 In this review, we introduce recent work on their synthesis, luminescent properties, and stabilities.
Properties of Perovskite CsPbX 3 NanocrystalsHybrid...