Colon Cancer and Sex

McMichael, Anthony J.; Potter, John D.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(82)92260-7

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It also demonstrated that such an oncofetal antigen may stimulate a mother during pregnancy and induce tumor resistance as shown by the increased resistance of multiparous rats to the challenge with RCA-1 tumor cells. In this connection, it is interesting to note that multiparous women ap pear less likely to develop colonic adenocarcinomas than are nulliparous women [17], The above results are in agreement with those by Sjogren [18], who showed that multiparous rats were more resistant to tumor induction by DMH than were virgin rats. He proposed that this resistance was induced by fetal cell-surface antigens shared by DMH-induced tu mors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Tumor Immunity in Rats Immunized with Rat Carcinoembryonic Antigen

Kr¹,

Sa²,

Cj³

et al. 1986

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Active immunization of rats with an emulsion consisting of Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) and an extract of rat tumor containing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) induced clear-cut protection from growth of the syngeneic CEA-positive tumor, RCA-1. No protection was observed in rats treated with FCA alone nor was there protection against a tumor that had no serologically detectable CEA. The results suggested that the tumor immunity exhibited by the immunized rats was mediated by an immune response specific for rat CEA. It was shown further that multiparous rats were more resistant to growth of RCA-1 tumor than nulliparous rats. This suggested that immunization against rat CEA, which is an oncofetal antigen, may occur during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Tumor Immunity in Rats Immunized with Rat Carcinoembryonic Antigen

Kr¹,

Sa²,

Cj³

et al. 1986

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…STS is also present in colon carcinomas and many colorectal cancer cell lines [ 62 ], suggesting that this cancer, which is a major cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women, might also be a potential target for STS inhibitor therapy [ 63 , 64 ]. In postmenopausal women, the reduction in oestrogen levels that occurs at menopause appears to be associated with a reduction in the risk of colorectal cancer [ 65 ]. Paradoxically, epidemiological data suggest a protective effect associated with the use of hormone replacement therapy [ 66 ].…”

Section: Steroid Sulphatase Expression and Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroid Sulphatase and Its Inhibitors: Past, Present, and Future

Foster

2021

Molecules

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Steroid sulphatase (STS), involved in the hydrolysis of steroid sulphates, plays an important role in the formation of both active oestrogens and androgens. Since these steroids significantly impact the proliferation of both oestrogen- and androgen-dependent cancers, many research groups over the past 30 years have designed and developed STS inhibitors. One of the main contributors to this field has been Prof. Barry Potter, previously at the University of Bath and now at the University of Oxford. Upon Prof. Potter’s imminent retirement, this review takes a look back at the work on STS inhibitors and their contribution to our understanding of sulphate biology and as potential therapeutic agents in hormone-dependent disease. A number of potent STS inhibitors have now been developed, one of which, Irosustat (STX64, 667Coumate, BN83495), remains the only one to have completed phase I/II clinical trials against numerous indications (breast, prostate, endometrial). These studies have provided new insights into the origins of androgens and oestrogens in women and men. In addition to the therapeutic role of STS inhibition in breast and prostate cancer, there is now good evidence to suggest they may also provide benefits in patients with colorectal and ovarian cancer, and in treating endometriosis. To explore the potential of STS inhibitors further, a number of second- and third-generation inhibitors have been developed, together with single molecules that possess aromatase–STS inhibitory properties. The further development of potent STS inhibitors will allow their potential therapeutic value to be explored in a variety of hormone-dependent cancers and possibly other non-oncological conditions.

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“…It has been inversely related to the risk of colorectal cancer (Platz and Giovannucci, 1999) and adenoma recurrence (Baron et al, 1999), but high intake of calcium has been positively associated with risk of other cancers, including prostate cancer (Chan and Giovannucci, 2001;Rodriguez et al, 2003). Calcium has been hypothesized to protect against colorectal cancer by binding secondary bile acids and ionized fatty acids in the colon to form insoluble soaps, thereby reducing their proliferative stimulus on colonic mucosa (Newmark et al, 1984;McMichael and Potter, 1985). Calcium may also directly reduce cellular proliferation in the colonic mucosa or cause terminal differentiation of cells (Lipkin and Newmark, 1985;Bostick, 1997;Lamprecht and Lipkin, 2001).…”

Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and cancer prevention

2004

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Dietary effects are presumed to underlie many of the large international differences in incidence seen for most cancers. Apart from alcohol and a few micronutrients, however, the role of specific nutritional factors remains illdefined. The evidence for a role of energy balance, physical inactivity, and obesity has strengthened, while for dietary fat it has weakened. Phytochemicals such as folate, lycopene and flavonoids are still the subject of active research. As the mechanisms underlying human carcinogenesis are better understood, dietary research will focus increasingly on intermediate markers such as the insulin-like growth factors and potentially carcinogenic metabolites.

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Colon Cancer and Sex

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Tumor Immunity in Rats Immunized with Rat Carcinoembryonic Antigen

Tumor Immunity in Rats Immunized with Rat Carcinoembryonic Antigen

Steroid Sulphatase and Its Inhibitors: Past, Present, and Future

Diet and cancer prevention

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