Colon Cancer Survival Rates With the New American Joint Committee on Cancer Sixth Edition Staging

O’Connell, Jessica; Maggard, Melinda A.; Ko, Clifford Y.

doi:10.1093/jnci/djh275

Cited by 1,393 publications

(1,036 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The reported 5-year survival in the literature is 9-37%, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] which is comparable to the 33% survival in this study. The literature contains limited data on the molecular features of signet ring cell carcinoma.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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Loss of heterozygosity, aberrant methylation, BRAF mutation and KRAS mutation in colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma

et al. 2012

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The relationship of molecular abnormalities with clinicopathologic features and survival in colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma, and its comparison with mucinous and conventional adenocarcinomas, has not been well studied. High-level microsatellite instability, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at four loci, CpG island methylation phenotype based on seven loci, BRAF V600E mutation and KRAS mutation in signet ring cell carcinoma were compared with mucinous and conventional adenocarcinomas. The relationship of these molecular features in signet ring cell carcinoma with clinicopathologic features and survival was examined. LOH was observed in 93% of signet ring cell carcinomas compared with 62 and 70% of mucinous and conventional adenocarcinomas. Also, 80% of signet ring cell carcinomas with high-level microsatellite instability showed LOH compared with 14% each of mucinous and conventional adenocarcinomas. High-level microsatellite instability, CpG island methylation phenotype-positive status and BRAF V600E mutation were more often seen in signet ring cell carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma compared with conventional adenocarcinoma. BRAF V600E mutation was significantly associated with CpG island methylation phenotype-positive status. Stage and BRAF V600E mutation in microsatellite-stable cases were the only variables with an affect on survival. In conclusion, chromosomal instability manifested by LOH is nearly a universal finding in signet ring cell carcinoma, including cases with highlevel microsatellite instability. This may explain the aggressive behavior of signet ring cell carcinoma irrespective of high-level microsatellite-instability status. BRAF V600E mutation and CpG island methylation phenotypepositive status are similar in signet ring cell carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma but more frequent when compared with conventional adenocarcinoma. In signet ring cell carcinoma, BRAF V600E mutation adversely affects survival in microsatellite-stable tumors, but not in high-level microsatellite-unstable tumors. The high frequency of methylation and BRAF V600E mutation suggests that many signet ring cell carcinomas may be related to the serrated pathway of carcinogenesis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] By definition, 450% of tumor cells have signet ring cell morphology. 11 Signet ring histology is considered an independent adverse prognostic factor by the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the College of American Pathologists.…”

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confidence: 99%

Loss of heterozygosity, aberrant methylation, BRAF mutation and KRAS mutation in colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma

et al. 2012

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“…In colon cancer, the induction of a migratory phenotype in cancer cells leads to the development of distant metastases, for which there is no cure [1]. Our ability to delineate which tumour characteristics promote this devastating metastatic potential remains limited, and a resultant inability to individualise therapy leads to significant mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Mesenchymal Stem Cell secreted PAI-1 on colon cancer cell migration and proliferation

Hogan

Joyce

Murphy

et al. 2013

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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“…The prognosis of patients with CRC is highly dependent on the tumor stage at diagnosis. Five‐year overall survival for patients with stage I disease is approximately 90%, decreasing to about 10% for stage IV patients 1. In curatively resected CRC, certain stage‐specific factors provide additional prognostic value, such as tumor perforation, T4 status, and number of examined lymph nodes in stage II and the number of involved lymph nodes in stage III 1, 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five‐year overall survival for patients with stage I disease is approximately 90%, decreasing to about 10% for stage IV patients 1. In curatively resected CRC, certain stage‐specific factors provide additional prognostic value, such as tumor perforation, T4 status, and number of examined lymph nodes in stage II and the number of involved lymph nodes in stage III 1, 2. Still, the biological behavior of the tumors within each tumor stage varies considerably, and a more precise prediction of patient outcome could lead to better treatment decisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic significance of S100A4 expression in stage II and III colorectal cancer: results from a population‐based series and a randomized phase III study on adjuvant chemotherapy

et al. 2016

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Current clinical algorithms are unable to precisely predict which colorectal cancer patients would benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, and there is a need for novel biomarkers to improve the selection of patients. The metastasis‐promoting protein S100A4 predicts poor outcome in colorectal cancer, but whether it could be used to guide clinical decision making remains to be resolved. S100A4 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in primary colorectal carcinomas from a consecutively collected, population‐representative cohort and a randomized phase III study on adjuvant 5‐fluorouracil/levamisole. Sensitivity to treatment with 5‐fluorouracil in S100A4 knockdown cells was investigated using 2D and 3D cell culture assays. Strong nuclear expression of S100A4 was detected in 19% and 23% of the tumors in the two study cohorts, respectively. In both cohorts, nuclear immunoreactivity was associated with reduced relapse‐free (P < 0.001 and P = 0.010) and overall survival (P = 0.046 and P = 0.006) in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, nuclear S100A4 was a predictor of poor relapse‐free survival in the consecutive series (P = 0.002; HR 1.9), but not in the randomized study. Sensitivity to treatment with 5‐fluorouracil was not affected by S100A4 expression in in vitro cell culture assays, and there was no indication from subgroup analyses in the randomized study that S100A4 expression was associated with increased benefit of adjuvant treatment with 5‐fluorouracil/levamisole. The present study confirms that nuclear S100A4 expression is a negative prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer, but the clinical utility in selection of patients for adjuvant fluoropyrimidine‐based chemotherapy is limited.

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Colon Cancer Survival Rates With the New American Joint Committee on Cancer Sixth Edition Staging

Cited by 1,393 publications

References 12 publications

Loss of heterozygosity, aberrant methylation, BRAF mutation and KRAS mutation in colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma

Loss of heterozygosity, aberrant methylation, BRAF mutation and KRAS mutation in colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma

Impact of Mesenchymal Stem Cell secreted PAI-1 on colon cancer cell migration and proliferation

Prognostic significance of S100A4 expression in stage II and III colorectal cancer: results from a population‐based series and a randomized phase III study on adjuvant chemotherapy

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