Colon epithelial cellular protein induces oral tolerance in the experimental model of colitis by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid

Regional intestinal adaptations in Na+,K+‐ATPase in experimental colitis and the contrasting effects of interferon‐γ

“…On the other hand, from the classical counter‐regulatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines only TGF‐ β , but not IL‐4 and IL‐10, was found to increase Na + ,K + ‐ATPase activity in Caco‐2 cells. This is of particular relevance since rats made tolerant to TBNS had low IFN‐ γ and high TGF‐ β levels (Dasgupta et al. 2001) or low IFN‐ γ and high IL‐4 (Gotsman et al.…”

“…On the other hand, from the classical counter-regulatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines only TGF-b, but not IL-4 and IL-10, was found to increase Na + ,K + -ATPase activity in Caco-2 cells. This is of particular relevance since rats made tolerant to TBNS had low IFN-c and high TGF-b levels (Dasgupta et al 2001) or low IFN-c and high IL-4 (Gotsman et al 2001). However, in mice treated with an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, diarrhoea is accompanied by decreases in Na + ,K + -ATPase activity, this being significantly attenuated in TNF receptor-1 knockout mice, but not in IFN-c receptor knockout mice (Musch et al 2002).…”

Oral Immune Regulation toward Disease‐Associated Antigens: Results of Phase I Clinical Trials in Crohn's Disease and Chronic Hepatitis

“…Lamina propria CD4 + T cells exhibit a Th1 pattern of cytokine secretion, with an increase in IFN‐γ and IL‐2 and a decrease in IL‐4 secretion. Induction of oral immune regulation toward colitis‐extracted proteins (CEP) alleviated experimental colitis, manifested by a decrease in diarrhea, percentage of affected colonic area, degree of colonic ulceration, intestinal and peritoneal adhesions, and wall thickness 12–14. Histologic evaluation of bowel tissue showed marked reduction in inflammatory response and mucosal ulceration (Fig.…”

“…When suppressor T cells activated by antigen‐presenting cell (APC) presentation of these proteins encounter similar epitopes in the colon, they secrete anti‐inflammatory cytokines 17. A recent study demonstrates that cellular proteins from human colon epithelial cells, but not from human fibroblasts, can induce oral tolerance in experimental colitis 13,14. It was recently suggested that haptenization of the colonic antigens is nonessential because oral feeding of nonhaptenized colonic antigens also protects rats from TNBS‐induced colitis 14…”

“…17 A recent study demonstrates that cellular proteins from human colon epithelial cells, but not from human fibroblasts, can induce oral tolerance in experimental colitis. 13,14 It was recently suggested that haptenization of the colonic antigens is nonessential because oral feeding of nonhaptenized colonic antigens also protects rats from TNBS-induced colitis. 14…”