Colon Microbiome of Pigs Fed Diet Contaminated with Commercial Purified Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone

Abstract

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) can seriously affect animal health, with potentially severe economic losses. Previous studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota plays a significant role in detoxification. We analyzed the colon contents from three groups of pigs (fed either a standard diet, or a diet with 8 mg/kg DON or ZEN). Bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons were obtained from the colon contents, and sequenced using next-generation sequencing on the MiSeq platform. Overall, 2,444,635 gene sequences were generated, with ≥2000 sequences examined. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in all three groups. The sequences of Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, and Faecalibacterium genera, and the unclassified Clostridiaceae family, represented more than 1.2% of the total, with significantly different abundances among the groups. Lactobacillus was especially more abundant in the DON (7.6%) and ZEN (2.7%) groups than in the control (0.2%). A total of 48,346 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified in the three groups. Two OTUs, classified as Lactobacillus, were the most dominant in the DON and ZEN groups. The abundances of the remaining OTUs were also significantly different among the groups. Thus, the mycotoxin-contaminated feed significantly affected the colon microbiota, especially Lactobacillus, which was the most abundant. Therefore, we speculate that Lactobacillus plays a major role in detoxification of these mycotoxins.

Transient effect of single or repeated acute deoxynivalenol and zearalenone dietary challenge on fecal microbiota composition in female finishing pigs

“…These families were consistently impacted by the DON/ZEN challenge. In contrast, Reddy et al (2018a) observed no difference in these families in 8-week-old castrated pigs subjected to a 4-week DON challenge. This difference from the present study could be related to the difference in sex (castrated males v. females), age of the pigs (8 v. 17 weeks old), breed or environmental factors such as diet or location.…”

Investigation of the efficacy of mycotoxin-detoxifying additive on health and growth of newly-weaned pigs under deoxynivalenol challenges

“…Consistently, during 24 hours after deoxynivalenol administration to pigs, either intravenous or intragastrical, showed that more than 90% of the initial dose was recovered without modifications [38]. microbiome of pigs may be modified when feeding deoxynivalenol contaminated diets [39],…”

Prevalent Human Gut Bacteria Hydrolyse and Metabolise Important Food-Derived Mycotoxins and Masked Mycotoxins

“…Some in vivo studies have reported mycotoxin-induced modifications in gut microbiota of animals by using advanced molecular approaches. These authors reported that Coprococcus genus was more abundant in DON fed rats [ 20 ], whereas Lactobacillus was found more abundant in DON and ZEN fed pigs [ 21 ]. Another study in pigs observed that DON and ZEN in feed increased the relative abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae and decreased Ruminococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Veillonellaceae [ 19 ].…”

“…Some animal studies [ 19 , 20 , 21 ] have observed modifications of the gut microbiota following mycotoxin exposure and suggest that there is a bi-directional interaction between mycotoxins and gut microbiota. However, the direct effect of mycotoxins on the growth of bacterial species from human colon has not been studied to date.…”