Colonial Morphology of Treponemes Observed by Electron Microscopy

Umemoto, Toshihiko; Namikawa, Isamu; Yamamoto, Mituhito

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1984.tb02943.x

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Likewise, members of the phylum Spirochaetae are not exempt from this trait, and notable examples include Treponema spp. [311,312], and Borrelia spp. [270,[313][314][315].…”

Section: Pleomorphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lyme Disease Frontiers: Reconciling Borrelia Biology and Clinical Conundrums

Bamm

Mainprize

et al. 2019

Pathogens

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Lyme disease is a complex tick-borne zoonosis that poses an escalating public health threat in several parts of the world, despite sophisticated healthcare infrastructure and decades of effort to address the problem. Concepts like the true burden of the illness, from incidence rates to longstanding consequences of infection, and optimal case management, also remain shrouded in controversy. At the heart of this multidisciplinary issue are the causative spirochetal pathogens belonging to the Borrelia Lyme complex. Their unusual physiology and versatile lifestyle have challenged microbiologists, and may also hold the key to unlocking mysteries of the disease. The goal of this review is therefore to integrate established and emerging concepts of Borrelia biology and pathogenesis, and position them in the broader context of biomedical research and clinical practice. We begin by considering the conventions around diagnosing and characterizing Lyme disease that have served as a conceptual framework for the discipline. We then explore virulence from the perspective of both host (genetic and environmental predispositions) and pathogen (serotypes, dissemination, and immune modulation), as well as considering antimicrobial strategies (lab methodology, resistance, persistence, and clinical application), and borrelial adaptations of hypothesized medical significance (phenotypic plasticity or pleomorphy).

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“…Likewise, members of the phylum Spirochaetae are not exempt from this trait, and notable examples include Treponema spp. [311,312], and Borrelia spp. [270,[313][314][315].…”

Section: Pleomorphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lyme Disease Frontiers: Reconciling Borrelia Biology and Clinical Conundrums

Bamm

Mainprize

et al. 2019

Pathogens

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“…Agar plugs at the leading edgc of the haze were cut with a sterile glass pipette and were transferred into agar wells in fresh agar plates. In order to obtain a pure culture, the procedure was repeated more than 10 times, and spirochetal colonies were picked from solid sterility test medium supplemented with horse serum (35). Later, TYGVS medium was used as the routine culture medium and an anaerobic chamber (85% N,, 10% H,, 5% COz) was used for anaerobic conditions (34,36).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treponema medium sp. nov., Isolated from Human Subgingival Dental Plaque

Umemoto

Nakazawa

Hoshino

et al. 1997

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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A new Treponema species, for which we propose the name Treponema medium, was isolated from subgingival plaque from an adult with periodontal disease. The morphological characteristics, differential biochemical characteristics, and protein profiles on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels of this organism are described. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA of T. medium is 51 mol%. The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness of the new species to other Treponema species, including Treponema denticola, Treponema vincentii, Treponema socranskii, Treponema pallidum, and Treponema phagedenis, are less than 30%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rRNA sequences distinguished the new Treponema strain from strains belonging to previously described Treponema species. The type strain of T. medium is strain G7201.The incidence and numbers of treponemes in the human gingival flora become greater as gingivitis becomes more severe (27). The number of treponemes increases to approximately more than 50% of all bacterial morphotypes in subgingival samples from periodontitis patients (10,12,13,27). Some oral treponemal species have been associated with soft-tissue damage due to proteolytic enzymes or with inflammatory reactions due to antibodies against their specific antigens, and eventually this leads to periodontal tissue destruction in certain types of periodontal disease (12,18,21,36). Simonson et al., for instance, have reported that Treponema denticola is linked to the severity of periodontal disease (25). All of the human oral spirochetes mentioned above belong to the genus Treponema in the family Spirochaetaceae; these bacteria characteristically are tightly coiled organisms that consist of a protoplasmic cylinder (length, approximately 6 to 20 pm; width, 0.1 to 0.5 pm) covered by an envelope (an outer sheath) and periplasmic flagella (axial flagella) which originate subterminally at the ends of the protoplasmic cylinder (26). Choi et al. used a 16s rRNA gene cloning technique to document the qualitative nature of human oral spirochetes and demonstrated that there is great genetic diversity in oral spirochetes, even in a single periodontitis patient (2). Human oral spirochetes, however, have been conventionally grouped into the following three morphotypes: (i) small spirochetes, including T. denticola, Treponema socranskii, and Treponema pectinovorum; (ii) medium-sized spirochetes, such as Treponema vincentii; and (iii) large spirochetes which have not been isolated in pure culture (3, 11). related spirochete with different periodontal status and reported that human oral spirochetes were not uniformly distributed within the dentition or around individual teeth T. denticola, T. socranskii, T. pectinovorum, T. vincentii,We isolated Treponema sp. strain G7201T (T = type strain), which could not be classified in any previously described species. We examined the phenotypic, serologic, and genetic characteristics of this organism and compared the results with data for reference species.In this paper we ...

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“…A host-associated treponeme, strain G7201, was isolated from the subgingival plaque of a 52-year-old man with adult periodontitis by a well-plate method (16,24,25). It has been shown that the organism was moiphologically and serologically different from any of the previously established oral Treponema species by the studies using scanning electron microscopy (24,25). Currently, DNA-DNA reassociation or 16S rRNA sequence analysis is recommended to determine whether a microorganism is a new species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization of an oral treponeme isolated from human subgingival plaque

Nakazawa

Umemoto

Namikawa

et al. 1997

Oral Microbiology and Immunology

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We examined the genetic characteristics of a human oral treponeme isolated from subgingival plaque of a patient with periodontal disease that could not be assigned to any of the previously described oral Treponema species. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of its DNA was 51 mole%. The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness of the organism to other Treponema species, including Treponema denticola, Treponema vincentii, Treponema socranskii, Treponema pallidum and Treponema phagedenis, were less than 30%. This study clearly demonstrated that the isolated treponeme could be completely distinct from the established oral Treponema species genetically. Also, the study indicated remarkable genetic heterogeneity among human oral Treponema species.

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Colonial Morphology of Treponemes Observed by Electron Microscopy

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Lyme Disease Frontiers: Reconciling Borrelia Biology and Clinical Conundrums

Lyme Disease Frontiers: Reconciling Borrelia Biology and Clinical Conundrums

Treponema medium sp. nov., Isolated from Human Subgingival Dental Plaque

Genetic characterization of an oral treponeme isolated from human subgingival plaque

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