Colonic Compensation in Transmissible Gastroenteritis of Swine

Argenzio, Robert A.; Moon, Harley W.; Kemény, Lajos; Whipp, S C

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(84)80165-1

Cited by 41 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In contrast, children with cholera have low faecal sodium concentrations and faecal potassium concentrations about twice as high as normal. This suggests some homoeostatic colonic response to conserve sodium (Rubens and Lambert 1972;Sleisenger and Fordtran 1973;Argenzio, Moon, Kemeny and Whipp 1984) which has been attributed to hyperaldosteronism. It is possible that a similar mechanism is induced in the foal at the time foal heat diarrhoea occurs.…”

Section: During Diarrhoeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecal composition in foal heat diarrhoea

Masri

Merritt

Gronwall

et al. 1986

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Developmental changes of the gastrointestinal tract were probably responsible for the changes in faecal composition during the first week of the foals' life, which resembled small intestinal ingesta of adult horses, suggesting a minimal colonic modification. Faecal composition at the time of foal heat diarrhoea was suggestive of a secretory‐type diarrhoea, in that the electrolyte concentration accounted for most of faecal osmolality and the faecal pH was alkaline. After foal heat diarrhoea faecal composition slowly approached that of adult horses. These data suggest that foal heat diarrhoea is most likely caused by hypersecretion in the small intestinal mucosa, which may overwhelm an immature colon that is unable to compensate by increased fluid and electrolyte absorption.

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Section: During Diarrhoeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecal composition in foal heat diarrhoea

Masri

Merritt

Gronwall

et al. 1986

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…The large intestine has a role in preventing loss of water in the face of small intestinal diarrhoea (Argenzio et al 1984;van Beers-Schreurs et al 1998), and there is evidence that this ability is compromised in the first week following weaning (van Beers-Schreurs, 1996). As suggested by Bolduan et al (1988), accelerating the development of the large intestine should aid in preventing diarrhoea, through a number of mechanisms.…”

Section: Exptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addition of pearl barley to a rice-based diet for newly weaned piglets increases the viscosity of the intestinal contents, reduces starch digestibility and exacerbates post-weaning colibacillosis

et al. 2004

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The purposes of the present study were to investigate the effects of feeding a cereal grain containing NSP on body growth and the intestinal microenvironment of recently weaned pigs, and to examine resultant associations with pathogenicEscherichia coliin the intestinal tract. In Expt 1, pearl barley, a grain rich in soluble NSP, was incorporated (250, 500 or 750 g/kg diet) into a low-fibre control diet based on cooked white rice and fed for 7–10 d following weaning. Consumption of pearl barley did not significantly alter piglet live-weight gain compared with the control cooked rice diet, but it accelerated large intestinal growth and fermentation, decreased ileal starch digestibility and increased intestinal viscosity. Expt 2 was conducted to determine whether these differences would favour proliferation of enterotoxigenicE. coli, the bacterium causing post-weaning colibacillosis (PWC). Three groups of pigs were weaned onto diets based on cooked white rice, rice with 500 g pearl barley/kg, or rice with 500 g pearl barley/kg supplemented with exogenous enzymes (Porzyme(tm) 8100; Danisco, Marlborough, Wilts., UK). Pigs were inoculated orally with haemolyticE. coliserovar O8;K87;K88 after weaning. Animals eating the pearl barley had increased viscosity of the intestinal contents, greater intestinal colonisation with theE. colistrain and more diarrhoea than pigs fed the rice-only diet. The enzymes did not reduce viscosity or protect from PWC. The results suggest that pearl barley alters the intestinal microenvironment and predisposes to PWC, whilst a low-viscosity, highly digestible diet based on cooked white rice is protective.

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“…first week after birth, but only a 2% mortality rate in pigs Foregut fermenters can often detoxify or reduce the toxicthat are infected at three or more weeks in age. Argenzio ity of protected plants, although biotransformation in the et al (11) found that TGE produced a marked increase in gut can enhance the toxicity of some PSMs as well (180).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of Microbes in Vertebrate Gastrointestinal Tract to Production and Conservation of Nutrients

Stevens

Hume

1998

Physiological Reviews

496

446

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The vertebrate gastrointestinal tract is populated by bacteria and, in some species, protozoa and fungi that can convert dietary and endogenous substrates into absorbable nutrients. Because of a neutral pH and longer digesta retention time, the largest bacterial populations are found in the hindgut or large intestine of mammals, birds, reptiles, and adult amphibians and in the foregut of a few mammals and at least one species of bird. Bacteria ferment carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), convert dietary and endogenous nitrogenous compounds into ammonia and microbial protein, and synthesize B vitamins. Absorption of SCFA provides energy for the gut epithelial cells and plays an important role in the absorption of Na and water. Ammonia absorption aids in the conservation of nitrogen and water. A larger gut capacity and longer digesta retention time provide herbivores with additional SCFA for maintenance energy and foregut-fermenting and copoprophagic hindgut-fermenting species with access to microbially synthesized protein and B vitamins. Protozoa and fungi also contribute nutrients to the host. This review discusses the contributions of gut microorganisms common to all vertebrates, the numerous digestive strategies that allow herbivores to maximize these contributions, and the effects of low-fiber diets and discontinuous feeding schedules on these microbial digestive processes.

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Colonic Compensation in Transmissible Gastroenteritis of Swine

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Faecal composition in foal heat diarrhoea

Faecal composition in foal heat diarrhoea

Addition of pearl barley to a rice-based diet for newly weaned piglets increases the viscosity of the intestinal contents, reduces starch digestibility and exacerbates post-weaning colibacillosis

Contributions of Microbes in Vertebrate Gastrointestinal Tract to Production and Conservation of Nutrients

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