Colonic mucosal eosinophilia and immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 and NF-kB in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Abstract

Background There is growing evidence that eosinophilic infiltration can release mediators which are harmful to the intestinal epithelium in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Although cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and nuclear factorkappa beta (NF-kB) expression had been previously reported to increase in many inflammatory conditions, there is a paucity in data investigating their expressions in IBS. Our aim was to evaluate colonic mucosal eosinophilia and immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 and NF-kB in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Methods A total of 80 patients who met the inclusion criteria of IBS based on Rome IV symptoms questionnaire were subjected to abdominal ultrasound, laboratory investigations, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level assessment and colonoscopic examination. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect COX-2 and NF-kB expression in colonic biopsies obtained from IBS patients. Results Histopathological examination showed that 60 colonic biopsy specimens (75%) showed few mixed inflammatory cells ≤3 cells/ HPF, 12 biopsy specimens (15%) showed eosinophilic infiltration ≥25 eosinophils/HPF and 8 biopsy specimens (10%) showed severe lymphocytic infiltration and aggregation. Colonic eosinophilic infiltrate was significantly higher among patients presented with IBS-D subtype. Serum IgE was significantly higher among patients with colonic eosinophilic infiltrate than the others. In IBS-D patients, colonic mucosa showed positive expression of COX-2 and NF-kB in 52.1% and 81.25% of cases, respectively. Conclusion Patients with IBS -particularly IBS-D subtype-should undergo colonoscopy and biopsy to exclude underlying inflammatory pathology. Moreover, patients with positive COX-2 and NF-kB need further evaluation and follow-up. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 34: 512-517

Beneficial Effects of Limosilactobacillus fermentum in the DCA Experimental Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Rats

“…The gene expression profile of different markers, including Vegf-α, Cox-2 and Trpv-1 , was significantly increased in the IBS group in comparison with Non-IBS control ( Figure 4 a–c, respectively). Previous studies have described higher levels of these mediators in IBS patients [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Remarkably, the probiotic and rifaximin treatments significantly reduced their expression ( Figure 4 ).…”

Research Progress of Central and Peripheral Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Comorbid Dysthymic Disorders

“… 82 , 105 , 106 Clinical tests have shown that the number of intestinal mucosa EG in IBS patients rises, and intracellular CRH expression increases, which is positively correlated with intestinal symptoms and depression. 107 - 109 …”

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Paraprobiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KU15122 in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells

“…Excessive lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can activate inflammation-related cellular signaling pathways, including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) [ 4 ]. NF-κB family members regulate the functioning of several proinflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, cell surface receptors, and adhesion molecules, which play major roles in intestinal inflammation [ 5 ]. Activated inflammatory cells produce additional cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-(IL)-1β, and IL-6 along with nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2 ) [ 6 ].…”