Colonisation of extragenital sites by Candida in women with recurrent vulvovaginal candiosis

Mårdh, P

doi:10.1016/s1470-0328(03)01945-1

Cited by 25 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…On the other hand, in a prospective cohort study by Patel et al [103] , panty liners and panties where clearly linked to an increased risk of candidosis. Although tight-fitting clothes, like jeans, and underwear are commonly considered to be a risk factor for Candida infection in older studies [119] , it could not be confirmed in the study of Mardh et al [120] . Of note, in sex workers, regular cleaning of the perineum and rinsing of the vagina after each client were risk factors for colonization with Candida , but not for symptomatic disease, illustrating the need to differentiate between colonization and infection [121] .…”

Section: Clothing and Personal Hygienementioning

confidence: 88%

Management of Recurrent Vulvo-Vaginal Candidosis as a Chronic Illness

Donders

Bellen²,

Mendling

2010

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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For sporadic acute Candida vaginitis, any oral or local antifungal therapy can be used. For women with recurrent vulvo-vaginal candidosis (RVC), on the other hand, such simple approaches are insufficient, regardless of the product chosen. Instead, RVC should be managed as any other chronic disease and requires long-term, prophylactic, suppressive antifungal treatment. A regimen using individualized, decreasing doses of oral fluconazole (the ReCiDiF regimen) was proven to be highly efficient and offered great comfort to the patients. During this regimen, it is crucial that patients are carefully examined by anamnestic, clinical, microscopic and culture-proven absence of Candida. If a relapse occurs, the medication is adjusted and efforts are taken to find a possible triggering factor for the reactivation of the infection. Care has to be taken not to accumulate ‘don’t do’s’, unless the efficiency of a measure has been proven, by trying to eliminate one risk factor at a time for 2 months. Known possible triggers to be kept in mind are (1) antibiotic use, (2) use of specific contraceptives, especially combined contraceptive pills, (3) disturbed glucose metabolism, (4) the use of personal hygienic products, and (5) tight clothing or plastic panty liners. In therapy-resistant cases, non-albicans infection must be ruled out, and alternative therapies should be tried. Boric acid is proven to be efficient in most of these resistant cases, but other non-azoles like amphotericin B, flucytosine, gentian violet, and even caspofungin may have to be tried. As a final remark it has to be said that many patients feel poorly understood and inefficiently managed by many care-givers, increasing their feelings of guilt and sexual inferiority. Therefore, attention has to be given to take the disease seriously, follow strict treatment regimens, and advise precisely and based on individual evidence concerning any possible risk factors for recurrence. In case of therapy-resistant vulvo-vaginitis, reconsider your diagnosis and/or consider referral to specialized therapists.

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Section: Clothing and Personal Hygienementioning

confidence: 88%

Management of Recurrent Vulvo-Vaginal Candidosis as a Chronic Illness

Donders

Bellen²,

Mendling

2010

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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“…However, in some cases, the factors causing that condition are still unknown, but seems that the main problem of this pathogenesis are secondary infections caused by aerobic and facultative anaerobes microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli [48,[50][51][52].…”

Section: Anal Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidiasis: Predisposing Factors, Prevention, Diagnosis and Alternative Treatment

et al. 2014

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SUMMARYCandidiasis is the most common opportunistic yeast infection. Candida species and other microorganisms are involved in this complicated fungal infection, but Candida albicans continues to be the most prevalent. In the past two decades, it has been observed an abnormal overgrowth in the gastrointestinal, urinary and respiratory tracts, not only in immunocompromised patients, but also related to nosocomial infections and even in healthy individuals. There is a widely variety of causal factors that contribute to yeast infection which means that candidiasis is a good example of a multifactorial syndrome. Due to rapid increase in the incidence of these infections, this is the subject of numerous studies. Recently, the focus of attention is the treatment and, above all, the prevention of those complications. The diagnosis of candidiasis could become quite complicated. Prevention is the most effective "treatment", much more than eradication of the yeast with antifungal agents. There are several aspects to consider in the daily routine that can provide a strength protection. However, a therapeutic approach is necessary when the infection is established and, therefore, other alternatives should be explored. This review provides an overview on predisposition factors, prevention and diagnosis of candidiasis, highlighting alternative approaches for candidiasis treatment.

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“…Vaginal irritation, vulvar burning, pruritus and vaginal discharge are the main complaints associated with VVC [3] . In both sporadic VVC and recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC), the species more frequently found are C. albicans , followed by C. glabrata , C. tropicalis and C. krusei [2][3][4][5][6][7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…infection are difficult to manage. Most recurrences may represent vaginal relapses by persistent strains of yeast, rather than exogenous re-infections [3,6,7] . In fact, Candida spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-<i>Candida</i> Activity of a Chitosan Hydrogel: Mechanism of Action and Cytotoxicity Profile

Palmeira‐de‐Oliveira

Ribeiro

Palmeira‐de‐Oliveira

et al. 2010

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Candida spp. are common causative agents of mucocutaneous infections. New therapeutic antifungal drugs are needed to treat chronic disease as these are frequently clinically resistant to azols. Chitosan, among other possible vehicles for active compounds, shows an added value as it appears to have intrinsic antimicrobial properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-Candida activity of a medium-molecular-weight chitosan hydrogel (CH), to clarify its possible mechanism of action and to evaluate its cytotoxicity on human fibroblasts. CH antifungal activity was assessed according to CLSI reference M27-A3 protocol; its mechanism of action was investigated by flow cytometry, and its cytotoxicity was studied by MTT assay. CH demonstrated a full inhibition of C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. guilliermondii and C. parapsilosis growth while impairing C. albicans and C. glabrata viability. Flow cytometry tests showed that CH acts by inducing primary lesion of the cytoplasmic membrane. However, CH showed no cytotoxic effect upon human fibroblasts cells. Resistant strains will require new therapeutic approaches. Chitosan being a good carrier and having itself anti-Candida activity seems to be a promising vehicle to be used for the treatment of mucocutaneous candidosis.

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Colonisation of extragenital sites by Candida in women with recurrent vulvovaginal candiosis

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Management of Recurrent Vulvo-Vaginal Candidosis as a Chronic Illness

Management of Recurrent Vulvo-Vaginal Candidosis as a Chronic Illness

Candidiasis: Predisposing Factors, Prevention, Diagnosis and Alternative Treatment

Anti-<i>Candida</i> Activity of a Chitosan Hydrogel: Mechanism of Action and Cytotoxicity Profile

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