Colonization and growth of the toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima and associated fouling macroalgae on mussels in suspended culture

Lawrence, JE; Grant, Jon E.; Ma, Quilliam; Bauder, A. G.; Cembella, AD

doi:10.3354/meps201147

Cited by 48 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In this study, however, high concentrations of P. lima were found free-living in subsurface waters. In eastern Canada, this species has also been found in substantial concentrations in the water column (Bates, 1997;Lawrence et al, 2000). This species has been frequently found in Mediterranean waters during the last decade (Simoni et al, 2004;Aligizaki et al, 2006;Ingarao et al, 2007).…”

Section: Prorocentrum Lima Prorocentrum Minimum Prorocentrum Sigmoidementioning

confidence: 99%

Driving factors of the potentially toxic and harmful species of Prorocentrum Ehrenberg in a semi-enclosed Mediterranean lagoon (Tunisia, SW Mediterranean)

Sahraoui¹,

Bouchouicha

Mabrouk

et al. 2013

Medit. Mar. Sci.

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We analysed the dynamics of the potentially toxic and harmful species of Prorocentrum Ehrenberg in Bizerte Lagoon (important aquaculture area, Northern Tunisia), substantiating the possible driving forces (temperature, salinity and nutrients), based on a two-year database. We revealed that Prorocentrum spp. blooms of high magnitude (10 4 -10 5 cells l -1 ) occurred mostly during the period of late winter to early spring. We found five species of Prorocentrum, two of which, namely P. lima and P. cordatum, the most common during the field, are confirmed agents of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning in various regions of the world. Prorocentrum sp., P. micans and P. gracile were however present only sporadically but with high cell abundances, exemplifying bloom densities. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that P. minimum and P. lima were much more abundant in eutrophic waters characterized by high Chl a biomass, while P. gracile species occurred principally in warm waters. Furthermore, Prorocentrum sp. and P. micans seemed more likely to proliferate in saline waters with high concentrations of inorganic nutrients (nitrate, ammonia and phosphate). Our study calls attention to a possible intensification of DSP events in Bizerte Lagoon, given the propensity of Prorocentrum spp. to proliferate in a eutrophic system.

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Section: Prorocentrum Lima Prorocentrum Minimum Prorocentrum Sigmoidementioning

confidence: 99%

Driving factors of the potentially toxic and harmful species of Prorocentrum Ehrenberg in a semi-enclosed Mediterranean lagoon (Tunisia, SW Mediterranean)

Sahraoui¹,

Bouchouicha

Mabrouk

et al. 2013

Medit. Mar. Sci.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P. lima occurs worldwide in coastal areas, in temperate and tropical oceans and mostly in benthic and epiphytic habitats (Faust et al 1999). In eastern Canada, this dinoflagellate has already been found in substantial concentrations in the water column and attached to vegetation at aquaculture sites in the Miramichi estuary, New Brunswick (Bates 1997), and near Indian Point, Nova Scotia (Lawrence et al 2000).In 1998, 20 people exhibited DSP-like symptoms following the consumption of cultured blue mussels from the Magdalen Islands in the Gulf of St.Lawrence, Canada. The analyses revealed that the mussels contained DTX-1 (no OA), but in too a low concentration to explain the symptoms (0.1 µg g -1 digestive gland; regulatory limit 1.0 µg g -1…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelagic and epiphytic summer distributions of Prorocentrum lima and P. mexicanum at two mussel farms in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada

Levasseur¹,

Couture²,

Weise³

et al. 2003

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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The variations in abundance of Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg) Stein, an epiphythic species implicated in diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), were studied during the summer of 1999 in the Magdalen Islands, an archipelago located in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada. This investigation was initiated as a result of an incident in 1998, when 20 people became ill and exhibited DSP-like symptoms following the consumption of blue mussels collected from one of the Magdalen Islands lagoons. P. lima was regularly found as an epiphyte on the epibionts growing on the mussel socks at the 2 aquaculture sites investigated between June and October 1999. P. lima abundance on the epibionts varied from 100 to 9600 cells g -1 dry wt epibiont, with maximum abundances observed in July and August. P. lima was found in low abundance in the water column as well as in the digestive glands of the mussels. There was no correlation between cell abundances in the digestive glands, the water column and the cells attached to the epibionts. At the same sites, P. mexicanum Tafall was identified for the first time in eastern Canada. P. mexicanum abundances were low throughout the summer and began to increase both in the water column and in mussel digestive glands by early September. A significant correlation was found between the P. mexicanum abundances in the water column and in the mussel digestive glands at both sampling sites. The identification of these 2 potentially toxic species in the St. Lawrence highlights the importance of Prorocentrum spp. as toxin producers in coastal waters, as well as the need for adequate monitoring of non-pelagic harmful algal bloom species (HABs). KEY WORDS: Prorocentrum lima · Prorocentrum mexicanum · Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning · Epiphytes · Mussel culture · Toxic dinoflagellate · Biofouling community Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherAquat Microb Ecol 30: [283][284][285][286][287][288][289][290][291][292][293] 2003 after consuming cultured blue mussels from Mahone Bay, Nova Scotia (Quilliam et al. 1993). The DSP toxins found in the mussels were not associated with the Dinophysis-rich samples collected following the incident. However, another dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg) Stein, isolated from the same area, was found to be a producer of okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1) in unialgal cultures (Marr et al. 1992). A study carried out later by Lawrence et al. (1998) suggested that P. lima could have been responsible for the accumulation of DSP toxins at this site. Similarly, on the east coast of Maine, USA, following several unexplained incidents of shellfish-related gastroenteritis, Morton et al. (1999) showed that DSP toxicity was found only in phytoplankton or mussel digestive gland samples containing P. lima. P. lima occurs worldwide in coastal areas, in temperate and tropical oceans and mostly in benthic and epiphytic habitats (Faust et al. 1999). In eastern Canada, this dinoflagellate has already been ...

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“…In fish farm operations, the physical structures of cages and pens create room for the development of fouling macroalgae and other organisms on which P. lima lives and flourishes as an epiphyte (Lawrence et al 2000). Prorocentrum lima can also hang or adhere directly on the structures.…”

Section: Fish Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Prorocentrum lima induces abnormal behaviour in juvenile sea bass

Ajuzie

2007

J Appl Phycol

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Juveniles of the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax were exposed to both cell-free medium and whole cell cultures of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima strain PL2V. Fish were also fed a commercial fish diet in tanks containing live P. lima, and Artemia that had ingested the alga. Fish exposed to the cell-free medium and to whole cell cultures were stressed and behaved abnormally when compared to the behaviour of control fish, fish in normal seawater. Stress-related behaviours included hyperactivities (jumps, fast let-right turns, surface swims, etc), poor feeding reflexes and abstinence from feeding. Fish that directly ingested the alga or that ingested Artemia containing the alga died. Histological studies revealed that gills and liver of treated fish were impacted, as opposed to the normal conditions of same tissues in control fish. The diseased organs could have been responsible for the abnormal behaviours and death of treated fish. The aquaculture and ecological implications of the results are discussed.

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Colonization and growth of the toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima and associated fouling macroalgae on mussels in suspended culture

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

Driving factors of the potentially toxic and harmful species of Prorocentrum Ehrenberg in a semi-enclosed Mediterranean lagoon (Tunisia, SW Mediterranean)

Driving factors of the potentially toxic and harmful species of Prorocentrum Ehrenberg in a semi-enclosed Mediterranean lagoon (Tunisia, SW Mediterranean)

Pelagic and epiphytic summer distributions of Prorocentrum lima and P. mexicanum at two mussel farms in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada

Toxic Prorocentrum lima induces abnormal behaviour in juvenile sea bass

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