Colonization and probiotic effects of lactic acid bacteria in the gut of the abalone Haliotis gigantea

Abstract

Strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from several different sources and evaluated in vitro for potential probiotic effects in abalones. Two isolates (Lactobacillus sp. strain a3 and Enterococcus sp. strain s6) were highly resistant to bile salt and/or gastric juice and inhibited the growth of three abalone pathogens (Listonella anguillarum, Vibrio harveyi, and V. carchariae). Each of the LAB isolates was used to supplement diet of the abalone Haliotis gigantea for a period of 3 weeks. One group of animals received Lactobacillus sp. strain a3 added to commercial dry feed, one group received Enterococcus sp. strain s6 added to the feed, and a control group received only standard commercial feed. Culturable LAB counts of gut homogenates indicate the a3 colonized in the gut of abalones. Digestive enzyme activities and the concentrations of a number of volatile short-chain fatty acids (VSCFA) were elevated in the gut of abalones receiving feed supplemented with the two LAB strains. These results indicate that dietary supplementation can enable LAB colonization or persistence in the gut of abalone species and can potentially enhance probiotic effects.

The effect of macroalgal, formulated and combination diets on growth, survival and feed utilisation in the red abalone Haliotis rufescens

“…Furthermore, hydrolysis products from enzymatic polysaccharide digestion, such as mannooligosaccharides from manna, have shown prebiotic microflora modulation in humans (Dhawan and Kaur, 2007). Probiotic manipulation of the gut microflora in abalone has shown promising results for animal health, nutritional physiology and growth (Iehata et al, 2009(Iehata et al, , 2010Macey and Coyne, 2005;Silva-Aciares et al, 2011;Ten Doeschate and Coyne, 2008). Of particular interest in these studies are the elevated digestive enzyme activities associated with the administration of probiotics.…”

Use of probiotic bacteria to improve growth and survivability of farmed New Zealand abalone (Haliotis iris)

“…The broths were inoculated from a colony and incubated at 22°C for 3 h. Survival was determined by comparing the viable plate count after 3 h with that at 0 h (incubated at pH 6.5) (Iehata et al 2009). …”

“…Subsequently, ten Doeschate & Coyne (2008) demonstrated that H. midae exhibited an increased growth rate when fed a kelp diet supplemented with Pseudoalteromonas sp., and they recorded a significantly higher alginate lyase activity (presumably assisting the digestion of the kelp) in the digestive tract of those animals fed the supplemented diet. In addition, Iehata et al (2009) isolated lactic acid bacteria from a range of sources and, based on in vitro tests for inhibition of pathogens and resistance to bile acids and gastric juice, selected a Lactobacillus sp. and an Enterococcus sp.…”

Characterisation of the role of an alkaline protease from Vibrio midae SY9 in enhancing the growth rate of cultured abalone fed a probiotic-supplemented feed

“…While the level of probiotic organisms incorporated into supplemented feeds varies, most aquaculture-related studies supply a minimum probiotic titre of 10 6 cfu g −1 (Al-Dohail et al, 2009;Castex et al, 2008Castex et al, , 2009Iehata et al, 2009;Li et al, 2009;Macey and Coyne, 2005;Merrifield et al, 2010;Rengpipat et al, 1998;Sáenz de Rodrigáñez et al, 2009;Sharifuzzaman and Austin, 2009;ten Doeschate and Coyne, 2008). Consequently, the abalone in this investigation were supplied with ABFEED ® S34 supplemented with at least 1 × 10 6 cfu g −1 of feed over the course of the growth trial.…”

“…Probiotic supplementation can result in a range of beneficial effects, including enhanced health, immunity, survival and growth in a wide variety of cultured aquatic organisms. Although there have been many studies investigating probiotics for cultured finfish and crustaceans (Allameh et al, 2012;Andani et al, 2012;Balasundaram et al, 2012;Decamp et al, 2008;Keysami et al, 2012;Tapia-Paniagua et al, 2010), there have been relatively few reports describing probiotics for cultured molluscs such as abalone (Iehata et al, 2009(Iehata et al, , 2010Macey and Coyne, 2005;Silva-Aciares et al, 2011;ten Doeschate and Coyne, 2008).…”