Colonization of microorganisms in the rumen of young calves.

Minato, Hajime; Otsuka, Makoto; Shirasaka, Shoji; Itabashi, Hideyuki; Mitsumori, Makoto

doi:10.2323/jgam.38.447

Cited by 78 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…The sequence of establishment of microbial functional groups in both rearing systems is consistent with that reported by Minato et al [36], who argue that anaerobic and amylolytic bacteria are established in the fi rst days of life. Cellulolytic bacteria establish later and protozoa appear ultimately, because are sensitive to low pH and therefore can establish when the bacterial fermentation is stable [6].…”

Section: Functional Groups Of Rumen Microorganisms According To Age Asupporting

confidence: 79%

“…This coincides with Minato et al [36] and Anderson et al [11] argue that in calves some bacteria colonize the rumen in the fi rst days of life, even before the start of solid food intake. In kids of Brought to you by | MIT Libraries Authenticated Download Date | 5/11/18 5:43 AM both groups, cellulolytic bacteria were recorded from 45 days of age, long time after that reported in lambs [37] and calves [11,12], in which were found during the fi rst week of life.…”

Section: Functional Groups Of Rumen Microorganisms According To Age Asupporting

confidence: 56%

“…In kids of Brought to you by | MIT Libraries Authenticated Download Date | 5/11/18 5:43 AM both groups, cellulolytic bacteria were recorded from 45 days of age, long time after that reported in lambs [37] and calves [11,12], in which were found during the fi rst week of life. Protozoa were also established at 45 days of age, earlier than observed in calves [11,36], but after than lambs [38]. Since 30 days of age, kid goats from both rearing systems began to consume a ration of alfalfa and corn (Table 3), incorporating more fi ber in their diet (Table 2).…”

Section: Functional Groups Of Rumen Microorganisms According To Age Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the Rearing System on the Establishment of Different Functional Groups of Microorganism in the Rumen of Kid Goats / Uticaj Sistema Uzgoja Na Uspostavljanje Različitih Funkcionalnih Grupa Mikroorganizama U Buragu Jaradi

et al. 2015

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This study was aimed to determine the effect of the rearing system on the establishment and development of different functional groups of microorganisms in the rumen of kid goats. Fifty kids were fed on goat milk until weaning at 45 (TR, traditional rearing system, n = 25) and 30 days of age (alternative rearing system, AR, n = 25). In addition, only AR group was offered with rumen starter from birth. Both groups consumed alfalfa hay and ground corn between 30 and 90 days of age. Five kids from each group were slaughtered at 21, 30, 45, 70 and 90 days old. It was determined the total number of protozoa, anaerobic, amylolytic and cellulolytic bacteria present in the rumen. Kids of AR were lighter in weight than TR kids between 42 and 56 days old. In both rearing systems, anaerobic and amylolytic bacteria were found at 21 days of age, while cellulolytic and protozoa were not found until 45 days of age. Kids of AR had higher quantities of anaerobic and amylolytic bacteria until 30 and 45 days of age, respectively. These results demonstrate the rearing system does not affect the sequence and time in which the functional groups of microorganisms are established in the rumen. However, the alternative rearing system with early intake of solid food allowed the establishment of greater amount of bacteria and protozoa. Nevertheless, the effect of weaning on growth rate was more marked in kids from alternative rearing system, despite its greater microbiological rumen development.Key words: kid goats, rearing system, rumen microbiology INTRODUCTIONIn the fi rst weeks of life ruminants depend exclusively on nutrients obtained from milk because the rumen is undeveloped. The establishment of microbiota and beginning of ruminal fermentation triggered rumen development [1]. At birth, the intestinal tract of animals is sterile. The establishment of ruminal microbiota is infl uenced primarily by diet and by contact with other adult ruminants that already have a developedBrought to you by | MIT Libraries Authenticated Download Date | 5/11/18 5:43 AM Acta Veterinaria-Beograd 2015, 65 (2), 175-190 176 microbiota [2]. The ruminal ecosystem of an adult animal is composed mainly of anaerobic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and protozoa, characterized by high population density and wide diversity [3]. Ruminal bacteria can be classifi ed according to the substrates that they ferment. Thus, bacteria that ferment starch, cellulose and hemicellulose are classifi ed within the group of amylolytic, cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic, respectively [4,5]. Taken together these groups represent the population of total anaerobic rumen bacteria. Diet is one of the main factors that affect the type and proportion of functional groups of bacteria present in the rumen of an adult ruminant. Forage diets stimulate the development of fi brolytic fl ora, while high energy concentrate diets stimulate the growth of amylolytic bacteria [6]. Newborn ruminants have no protozoa in their rumen environment, and it is well known that young ruminants inc...

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Section: Functional Groups Of Rumen Microorganisms According To Age Asupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Functional Groups Of Rumen Microorganisms According To Age Asupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Functional Groups Of Rumen Microorganisms According To Age Amentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of the Rearing System on the Establishment of Different Functional Groups of Microorganism in the Rumen of Kid Goats / Uticaj Sistema Uzgoja Na Uspostavljanje Različitih Funkcionalnih Grupa Mikroorganizama U Buragu Jaradi

et al. 2015

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“…The changes in the structural and physiological properties of the rumen with age are linked to the development of the rumen microorganisms, as their fermentation products are important for the development of the rumen wall villi (Klein et al, 1987;Beharka et al, 1998). Early research into the emergence of microbial communities in the rumen of newborn animals revealed rapid colonization of the rumen by aerobic and facultative anaerobic microbial taxa close to birth, which decreased gradually to a constant level at between 6 and 8 weeks of age, being gradually replaced by exclusively anaerobic taxa (Bryant et al, 1958;Fonty et al, 1987;Minato et al, 1992). Interestingly, bacteria with cellulolytic capabilities appeared in 3-5-day-old animals, becoming abundant in 2-3-week-olds (Fonty et al, 1987;Minato et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early research into the emergence of microbial communities in the rumen of newborn animals revealed rapid colonization of the rumen by aerobic and facultative anaerobic microbial taxa close to birth, which decreased gradually to a constant level at between 6 and 8 weeks of age, being gradually replaced by exclusively anaerobic taxa (Bryant et al, 1958;Fonty et al, 1987;Minato et al, 1992). Interestingly, bacteria with cellulolytic capabilities appeared in 3-5-day-old animals, becoming abundant in 2-3-week-olds (Fonty et al, 1987;Minato et al, 1992). However, those studies used classical culture-based microbiology methods, which describe only a small fraction of the total bacterial populations (Janssen, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the bovine rumen bacterial community from birth to adulthood

et al. 2013

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The mammalian gut microbiota is essential in shaping many of its host's functional attributes. One such microbiota resides in the bovine digestive tract in a compartment termed as the rumen. The rumen microbiota is necessary for the proper physiological development of the rumen and for the animal's ability to digest and convert plant mass into food products, making it highly significant to humans. The establishment of this microbial population and the changes occurring with the host's age are important for understanding this key microbial community. Despite its importance, little information about colonization of the microbial populations in newborn animals, and the gradual changes occurring thereafter, exists. Here, we characterized the overall bovine ruminal bacterial populations of five age groups, from 1-day-old calves to 2-year-old cows. We describe the changes occurring in the rumen ecosystem after birth, reflected by a decline in aerobic and facultative anaerobic taxa and an increase in anaerobic ones. Some rumen bacteria that are essential for mature rumen function could be detected as early as 1 day after birth, long before the rumen is active or even before ingestion of plant material occurs. The diversity and within-group similarity increased with age, suggesting a more diverse but homogeneous and specific mature community, compared with the more heterogeneous and less diverse primary community. In addition, a convergence toward a mature bacterial arrangement with age was observed. These findings have also been reported for human gut microbiota, suggesting that similar forces drive the establishment of gut microbiotas in these two distinct mammalian digestive systems.

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