Colonization of the mammalian intestinal tract by enterococci

Banla, Leou Ismael; Salzman, Nita H.; Kristich, Christopher J.

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2018.10.005

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Urine, blood, stool and body fluids were the commonest specimens from which VRE was isolated. This is in line with the studies reporting the urinary tract, bloodstream and intestinal tract as the commonest specimen for VRE isolation 48–50 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Subgroup analysis of VRE prevalence according to detection methods showed similar results in our study.Urine, blood, stool and body fluids were the commonest specimens from which VRE was isolated. This is in line with the studies reporting the urinary tract, bloodstream and intestinal tract as the commonest specimen for VRE isolation [48][49][50]. comprehensive search with clear inclusion and exclusion criteria was used, examined common clinical specimens and standard methods of antibiotic susceptibility testing.…”

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confidence: 98%

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Prevalence of vancomycin‐resistant enterococci in Asia—A systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2021

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Enterococci are gram-positive flora of the human intestine, of which E. faecalis and E. faecium are responsible for the majority of the infections in humans amongst at least 59 validly published species. 1,2 They are common causes of some serious infections such as endocarditis, urinary tract infection, wound infection and nosocomial bacteremia. [3][4][5] Enterococci are resistant to a wide range of antimicrobials used in the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infection and inherent resistance is shown to aminoglycosides, clindamycin and co-trimoxazole. 3,6 They also have the ability for the acquisition of resistant genes to antimicrobials through mutations or attainment

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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confidence: 98%

Prevalence of vancomycin‐resistant enterococci in Asia—A systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2021

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“…Stool, urine and blood were the most common specimens from which VRE were isolated. This is not surprising because enterococci have been reported as the most common organisms isolated from intestinal tract, urinary tract and blood stream infections [5,8,15,20,48,52,57,62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Enterococci are gram-positive bacterial flora of the intestinal tract of humans, animals and birds [5][6][7]. Despite their commensal characteristics, they cause serious nosocomial infections in humans including urinary tract, bloodstream infections and endocarditis [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020

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Background: The emergence of Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) poses a major public health problem since it was first reported. Although the rising rates of VRE infections are being reported elsewhere in the worldwide; there is limited national pooled data in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of VRE and antimicrobial resistance profiles of enterococci in Ethiopia. Methods: Literature search was done at PubMed, EMBASE, Google scholar, African Journals online (AJOL) and Addis Ababa University repository following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Both published and unpublished studies reporting the prevalence of VRE until June 30, 2019 were included. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and copied to Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA 2.0) for analysis. Pooled estimate of VRE was computed using the random effects model and the 95% CIs. The level of heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and I 2 tests. Publication bias was checked by visual inspection of funnel plots and Begg's and/or Egger's test. Results: Twenty studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and found with relevant data. A total of 831 enterococci and 71 VRE isolates were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of VRE was 14.8% (95% CI; 8.7-24.3; I 2 = 74.05%; P < 0.001). Compared to vancomycin resistance, enterococci had higher rate of resistance to Penicillin (60.7%), Amoxicillin (56.5%), Doxycycline (55.1%) and Tetracycline (53.7%). Relatively low rate of resistance was found for Daptomycin and Linezolid with a pooled estimate of 3.2% (95% CI, 0.5-19.7%) and 9.9% (95% CI, 2.8-29.0%); respectively. The overall pooled multidrug resistance (MDR) rate of enterococci was 60.0% (95% CI, 42.9-75.0%). Conclusion: The prevalence of VRE and drug resistant enterococci are on the rise in Ethiopia. Enterococcal isolates showed resistance to one or more of the commonly prescribed drugs in different or the same drug lines. Multidrug resistant (MDR) enterococci were also found. Although the rates were low, the emergence of resistance to Daptomycin and Linezolid is an alarm for searching new ways for the treatment and control of VRE infections. Adherence to antimicrobial stewardship, comprehensive testing and ongoing monitoring of VRE infections in the health care settings are required.

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“…A previous study analyzed the gene expression of E. faecalis during colonization of germfree mice by RNA sequencing and found significant changes in several genes involved in nutrient uptake and energy metabolism (22). A recent review summarized other genes and processes previously described to be important during enterococcal colonization (23).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sortase-Dependent Proteins Promote Gastrointestinal Colonization by Enterococci

et al. 2019

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The human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is inhabited by a dense microbial community of symbionts. Enterococci are among the earliest members of this community and remain core members of the GIT microbiota throughout life. Enterococci have also recently emerged as opportunistic pathogens and major causes of nosocomial infections. Although recognized as a prerequisite for infection, colonization of the GIT by enterococci remains poorly understood. One way that bacteria adapt to dynamic ecosystems like the GIT is through the use of their surface proteins to sense and interact with components of their immediate environment. In Grampositive bacteria, a subset of surface proteins relies on an enzyme called sortase for covalent attachment to the cell wall. Here, we show that the housekeeping sortase A (SrtA) enzyme promotes intestinal colonization by enterococci. Furthermore, we show that the enzymatic activity of SrtA is key to the ability of Enterococcus faecalis to bind mucin (a major component of the GIT mucus). We also report the GIT colonization phenotypes of E. faecalis mutants lacking selected sortase-dependent proteins (SDPs). Further examination of the mucin binding ability of these mutants suggests that adhesion to mucin contributes to intestinal colonization by E. faecalis.

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Colonization of the mammalian intestinal tract by enterococci

Cited by 29 publications

References 55 publications

Prevalence of vancomycin‐resistant enterococci in Asia—A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Prevalence of vancomycin‐resistant enterococci in Asia—A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Prevalence of Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sortase-Dependent Proteins Promote Gastrointestinal Colonization by Enterococci

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