Colony size and depth affect wound repair in a branching coral

Counsell, Chelsie W. W.; Johnston, Erika C.; Sale, Tayler L.

doi:10.1007/s00227-019-3601-6

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…We found that larger colonies are less likely to bleach severely (Figure 3d) and less likely to have reduced fitness post‐bleaching than smaller colonies (Figure 4). Following histological sampling in 2017, we also found that larger colonies healed wounds an average of 14 days faster than smaller colonies (Counsell et al., 2019). These wounds healed so thoroughly that within 40–50 days after wounding the wound site was indistinguishable from the rest of the colony and no shift in live coral tissue was documented during the sampling/wound healing process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Bleaching severity for each colony was estimated in situ and confirmed through white‐balanced photographs. Following Counsell, Johnston, and Sale (2019), each colony was classified into one of four bleaching categories representative of the most severe bleaching that the colony experienced at the height of bleaching (Figure 3b): 0 = no visible bleaching, 1 = noticeable paling, 2 = severe paling and 3 = stark white bleaching of the entire colony. The percentage of live tissue for each colony at the time of sampling in 2016 and 2017 was also estimated in situ and confirmed with these photographs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The legacy of stress: Coral bleaching impacts reproduction years later

et al. 2020

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The extent to which populations persist under environmental stress depends on the reproductive output of individuals that survive the stress. In coral systems, corals bleach in response to stress from elevated water temperature. However, little is known of the extent to which thermal stress impairs the reproductive capacity of the survivors over the following years, limiting the capacity to predict how populations will persist in the Anthropocene. Using histology to quantify the abundance and size of oocytes and spermaries per polyp, we tested how bleaching impairs the reproductive response of the coral Pocillopora meandrina over two reproductive seasons following the 2015 mass bleaching event in the Hawaiian Islands. We found that smaller colonies not only had a greater probability of bleaching but also suffered greater reproductive impacts over a longer time. In contrast, larger colonies generated comparable reproductive output regardless of bleaching severity, although bleached colonies generated smaller oocytes the year after bleaching. These results show that reproductive impacts of bleaching are more complex and size‐specific than commonly assumed. Therefore, estimates of bleaching mortality may underestimate the true impact of thermal stress on populations, especially as populations lose larger individuals from repeated and co‐occurring stressors. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The legacy of stress: Coral bleaching impacts reproduction years later

et al. 2020

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“…Coral ramets in these studies are typically medium to large in size (e.g., 3–8 cm tall), making them easy to manipulate experimentally and providing sufficient material for a large number of downstream analyses. Coral ramets are typically allowed to recover for 7–12 d after fragmentation providing time for initial wound healing (Traylor‐Knowles 2016, Edmunds and Yarid 2017, Counsell et al 2019). It is generally assumed that 7–12 d is sufficient time for acclimation to the experimental conditions prior to the start of the experiment.…”

Section: Proposed Common Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing comparability among coral bleaching experiments

Grottoli

Toonen

Woesik

et al. 2021

Ecological Applications

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Coral bleaching is the single largest global threat to coral reefs worldwide. Integrating the diverse body of work on coral bleaching is critical to understanding and combating this global problem. Yet investigating the drivers, patterns, and processes of coral bleaching poses a major challenge. A recent review of published experiments revealed a wide range of experimental variables used across studies. Such a wide range of approaches enhances discovery, but without full transparency in the experimental and analytical methods used, can also make comparisons among studies challenging. To increase comparability but not stifle innovation, we propose a common framework for coral bleaching experiments that includes consideration of coral provenance, experimental conditions, and husbandry. For example, reporting the number of genets used, collection site conditions, the experimental temperature offset(s) from the maximum monthly mean (MMM) of the collection site, experimental light conditions, flow, and the feeding regime will greatly facilitate comparability across studies. Similarly, quantifying common response variables of endosymbiont (Symbiodiniaceae) and holobiont phenotypes (i.e., color, chlorophyll, endosymbiont cell density, mortality, and skeletal growth) could further facilitate cross-study comparisons. While no single bleaching experiment can provide the data necessary to determine global coral responses of all corals to current and future ocean warming, linking studies through a common framework as outlined here, would help increase comparability among experiments, facilitate synthetic insights into the causes and underlying mechanisms of coral bleaching, and reveal unique bleaching responses among genets, species, and regions. Such a collaborative framework that fosters transparency in methods used would strengthen comparisons among studies that can help inform coral reef management and facilitate conservation strategies to mitigate coral bleaching worldwide.

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“…Recently cut margins may provide a means of entry for pathogens and could artificially inflate transmission rates and time to onset of visible disease signs. Studies have suggested that there is variation in wound healing times among coral species (Work and Aeby, 2010;Rodrıǵuez-Villalobos et al, 2016;Traylor-Knowles, 2016;Edmunds and Yarid, 2017;Counsell et al, 2019), but a period of 2-3 weeks is likely to be sufficient to repair fragmentation damage at cellular levels, provided that water quality, light levels, and food supplementation are optimal. Additionally, fragments should be quarantined and observed for mortality prior to experiments, especially those that are collected from the wild.…”

Section: Lab Based Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in coral immunity ‘omics in response to disease outbreaks

et al. 2022

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Coral disease has progressively become one of the most pressing issues affecting coral reef survival. In the last 50 years, several reefs throughout the Caribbean have been severely impacted by increased frequency and intensity of disease outbreaks leading to coral death. A recent example of this is stony coral tissue loss disease which has quickly spread throughout the Caribbean, devastating coral reef ecosystems. Emerging from these disease outbreaks has been a coordinated research response that often integrates ‘omics techniques to better understand the coral immune system. ‘Omics techniques encompass a wide range of technologies used to identify large scale gene, DNA, metabolite, and protein expression. In this review, we discuss what is known about coral immunity and coral disease from an ‘omics perspective. We reflect on the development of biomarkers and discuss ways in which coral disease experiments to test immunity can be improved. Lastly, we consider how existing data can be better leveraged to combat future coral disease outbreaks.

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Colony size and depth affect wound repair in a branching coral

Cited by 11 publications

References 71 publications

The legacy of stress: Coral bleaching impacts reproduction years later

The legacy of stress: Coral bleaching impacts reproduction years later

Increasing comparability among coral bleaching experiments

Advances in coral immunity ‘omics in response to disease outbreaks

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