Color Afterimages in Autistic Adults

Maule, John; Stanworth, Kirstie; Pellicano, Liz; Franklin, Anna

doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2786-5

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…This suggestion appears to fit well with the hierarchical quality of the predictive coding framework, which could potentially explain why some types of prediction are more difficult for autistic individuals than others. This notion also echoes recent work into atypical adaptive mechanisms in autism, which suggest that adaptation to “low‐level” stimuli, like perceptual causality and color, may be intact in autism [Maule, Stanworth, Pellicano, & Franklin, ; Karaminis et al, ], whereas reduced adaptation is found for more “high‐level” stimuli, such as faces and numerosity [Pellicano et al, ; Turi et al, ]. We note that previous studies have often focused on hypotheses arising from predictive coding and Bayesian accounts [e.g., Lawson et al, ; Sevgi et al, ] rather than testing prediction abilities directly.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Visual Motion Prediction and Verbal False Memory Performance in Autistic Children

2017

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Recent theoretical accounts propose that atypical predictive processing can explain the diverse cognitive and behavioral features associated with autism, and that difficulties in making predictions may be related to reduced contextual processing. In this pre‐registered study, 30 autistic children aged 6–14 years and 30 typically developing children matched in age and non‐verbal IQ completed visual extrapolation and false memory tasks to assess predictive abilities and contextual processing, respectively. In the visual extrapolation tasks, children were asked to predict when an occluded car would reach the end of a road and when an occluded set of lights would fill up a grid. Autistic children made predictions that were just as precise as those made by typically developing children, across a range of occlusion durations. In the false memory task, autistic and typically developing children did not differ significantly in their discrimination between items presented in a list and semantically related, non‐presented items, although the data were insensitive, suggesting the need for larger samples. Our findings help to refine theoretical accounts by challenging the notion that autism is caused by pervasively disordered prediction abilities. Further studies will be required to assess the relationship between predictive processing and context use in autism, and to establish the conditions under which predictive processing may be impaired. Autism Res 2018, 11: 509–518. © 2017 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryIt has been suggested that autistic individuals have difficulties making predictions and perceiving the overall gist of things. Yet, here we found that autistic children made similar predictions about hidden objects as non‐autistic children. In a memory task, autistic children were slightly less confused about whether they had heard a word before, when words were closely related in meaning. We conclude that autistic children do not show difficulties with this type of prediction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Visual Motion Prediction and Verbal False Memory Performance in Autistic Children

2017

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“…(2017) find that they are equally able to use information from lighting to judge the shape of objects. Finally, Maule et. al.…”

Section: Sfd and Perceptual Advantages In Autismmentioning

confidence: 97%

Semantic feature dissociation: A new hypothesis concerning autism

Hare

2019

Philosophical Psychology

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This thesis introduces and defends a new hypothesis concerning autism:Semantic Feature Dissociation (SFD). The claim is that some autistic people only store information about strong correlations in semantic memory. I begin by arguing the most promising theories of autism currently on offer are Bayesian theories. However, these omit important details, especially about the underlying format of world knowledge, and its role in social cognition. The SFD hypothesis bridges this gap, linking autism traits explicitly to research on concept structure.After critically reviewing key literature, I defend the hypothesis in two ways.First, I report a methodologically novel qualitative study of autism autobiographies, from which the hypothesis was abducted. This reveals that it can potentially account for many real-world autism traits. Crucially, most social and language differences can be attributed to general changes in the structure of world knowledge, without implicating a specialised mechanism for identifying mental states. Second, I show SFD is better than other accounts at predicting important lines of experimental evidence concerning social cognition, language and perception in autism. I conclude by tentatively suggesting SFD might reconcile the two leading Bayesian accounts of autism: HIPPEA and weak priors.3

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“…The present study investigated ensemble perception of color in autistic and typical adults. Other aspects of color perception have been investigated in autism, with varying results [Cranwell, Pearce, Loveridge, & Hurlbert, ; Franklin, Sowden, Burley, Notman, & Alder, ; Franklin et al, ; Koh, Milne, & Dobkins, ; Ludlow, Heaton, Hill, & Franklin, ; Maule, Stanworth, Pellicano, & Franklin, ]. The appearance of any particular colored surface is determined not only by the light it is reflecting, but also by the adaptation state, or “white point,” of the observer (among other factors).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, autistic adults appear to use prior information less efficiently than typical adults in making spatial judgments about the source of sounds [Skewes & Gebauer, ], and in the social domain it has been shown that the integration of social cues is correlated with the extent of autism‐like symptoms in a group of typical adults [Sevgi, Diaconescu, Tittgemeyer, & Schilbach, ]. The predictions of the attenuated priors account do not seem to generalise to all stimuli or paradigms, however, as a number of other studies have also found null effects with regard to, for example, color adaptation [Maule et al, ], statistical learning [Manning, Kilner, Neil, Karaminis, & Pellicano, ], and adaptation to perceptual causality [Karaminis et al, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ensemble perception of color in autistic adults

et al. 2016

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Dominant accounts of visual processing in autism posit that autistic individuals have an enhanced access to details of scenes [e.g., weak central coherence] which is reflected in a general bias toward local processing. Furthermore, the attenuated priors account of autism predicts that the updating and use of summary representations is reduced in autism. Ensemble perception describes the extraction of global summary statistics of a visual feature from a heterogeneous set (e.g., of faces, sizes, colors), often in the absence of local item representation. The present study investigated ensemble perception in autistic adults using a rapidly presented (500 msec) ensemble of four, eight, or sixteen elements representing four different colors. We predicted that autistic individuals would be less accurate when averaging the ensembles, but more accurate in recognizing individual ensemble colors. The results were consistent with the predictions. Averaging was impaired in autism, but only when ensembles contained four elements. Ensembles of eight or sixteen elements were averaged equally accurately across groups. The autistic group also showed a corresponding advantage in rejecting colors that were not originally seen in the ensemble. The results demonstrate the local processing bias in autism, but also suggest that the global perceptual averaging mechanism may be compromised under some conditions. The theoretical implications of the findings and future avenues for research on summary statistics in autism are discussed. Autism Res 2017, 10: 839–851. © 2016 The Authors Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Autism Research

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Color Afterimages in Autistic Adults

Cited by 22 publications

References 66 publications

Visual Motion Prediction and Verbal False Memory Performance in Autistic Children

Visual Motion Prediction and Verbal False Memory Performance in Autistic Children

Semantic feature dissociation: A new hypothesis concerning autism

Ensemble perception of color in autistic adults

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