Color and painting techniques in Etruscan architectural slabs

Barone, Germana; Fugazzotto, Maura; Mazzoleni, Paolo; Raneri, Simona; Russo, Alfonsina

doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.107766

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The use of kaolin, quarried locally at Monte Sughereto (Sasso di Furbara) [11], has been previously reported on Caeretan terracotta panels [9,11,12]. A similar preparatory layer was also identified in some samples from the Geneva group produced in Cerveteri during the 5th century BCE [6,9]. The presence of this preparatory layer in the Getty panel thus offers additional material evidence to support the close relationship between the Getty and Cerveteri panels.…”

Section: Pigment Analysissupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The identification of the specific mineralogical phases in ancient terracotta-in particular calcite, dolomite and illite-type clays-is an established method for estimating the firing temperature [49,50]. Previous studies on Etruscan terracotta suggest firing occurred between 800 and 900 • C [6,9,12]. Dolomite decomposes between 700 and 800 • C [50], forming calcite and magnesia [50][51][52].…”

Section: Terracotta Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2016, 45 cases of antiquities, looted from Italian sites and stored for more than 20 years at the free port in Geneva, were repatriated to Italy. The recovered artifacts included an extraordinary group of 1779 fragments of polychromed terracotta slabs and revetments-the so-called "Geneva group"-dating to between 530 and 480 BCE and exhibiting clear stylistic analogies with Caeretan plaques found in earlier excavations [6,7]. This recuperation sparked a renewed interest in these panels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This recuperation sparked a renewed interest in these panels. Archaeometric investigations, by means of spectroscopic-and minero-petrological analyses, were carried out on a subset of the Geneva group [6,8,9], namely a tile with an armed warrior from Quartaccio di Ceri [10][11][12] and several slabs in the Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia in Rome [13],…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heritage 2021, 4 FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of the Geneva group [6,8,9], namely a tile with an armed warrior from Quartaccio di Ceri [10][11][12] and several slabs in the Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia in Rome [13], with the aim of elucidating the manufacturing technology, transmission of technical skills among local craft ateliers, and trading networks. The recovery of the Geneva material also prompted the study presented here of an Etruscan painted panel in collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum [14] (Figure 1a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Portrait of an Etruscan Athletic Official: A Multi-Analytical Study of a Painted Terracotta Wall Panel

et al. 2021

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The Getty’s Etruscan painted terracotta wall panel, Athletic Official, recently has been speculated to be associated with a Caeretan wall panel depicting a Discobolus based on a shared iconography. To better understand the materials and techniques used to create the Getty panel and investigate its relation to extant Etruscan painted terracotta panels, a multi-analytical study was conducted, using broadband visible, IR, and UV imaging, along with scanning MA-XRF, FORS, Raman, SEM-EDS, and XRD analytical techniques. The analytical results together with PCA analysis suggest the clay support of the Getty panel is most similar in composition to that of panels from Cerveteri. A manganese black was identified in the decorative scheme; not commonly employed, this appears to be an important marker for the workshop practice in Cerveteri. Most significantly, the use of MA-XRF scanning allowed for invisible ruling lines on the Athletic Official, presumably laid down at the earliest stages of the creation of the panel, to be visualized. Taken together, the results of this study provide new insights into Caeretan workshop practice as well as provide a framework for better understanding the design and execution of Etruscan polychromy.

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