Color diversity judgments in peripheral vision: Evidence against “cost-free” representations

Hawkins, Brylee; Evans, Dee; Preston, Anya; Westmoreland, Kendra; Mims, Callie E; Lolo, Kiara; Rosario, Nicholas; Odegaard, Brian

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0279686

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 38 publications

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“…Empirical support for overconfidence in the periphery has been demonstrated in at least one task which showed that on incorrect trials, participants were more confident in judgments of crowded visual stimuli compared to single visual stimuli, despite performance being lower overall in the crowded condition (Odegaard et al, 2018). However, being too confident in our judgments in the periphery does not extend across all paradigms: other recent work has demonstrated underconfidence in the periphery (Toscani et al, 2021) or even shown that metacognitive sensitivity can track task performance reasonably well, at least in the domain of color diversity judgments (Hawkins et al, 2022). Thus, to date, the literature is characterized by a lack of consensus regarding how well observers can perform visual tasks in the periphery, the degree to which confidence may (or may not) track task accuracy, and whether human observers display optimal or suboptimal decision criteria (Rahnev & Denison, 2018) for perceptual decisions in this region of space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Consistent metacognitive efficiency and variable responses biases in peripheral vision

Pruitt,

Knotts,

Odegaard

2023

Preprint

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Across the visual periphery, perceptual and metacognitive abilities differ depending on the locus of visual attention, the location of peripheral stimulus presentation, the task design, and many other factors. In this investigation, we aimed to illuminate the relationship between attention and eccentricity in the visual periphery by estimating perceptual sensitivity, metacognitive sensitivity, and response biases across the visual field. In a 2AFC detection task, participants were asked to determine whether a signal was present or absent at one of eight peripheral locations (+/- 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40°), using either a valid or invalid attentional cue. As expected, results revealed that perceptual sensitivity declined with eccentricity and was modulated by attention, with higher sensitivity on validly cued trials. Further, a significant main effect of eccentricity on response bias emerged, with variable (but relatively unbiased) c’a values from 10° to 30°, and conservative c’a values at 40°. Regarding metacognitive sensitivity, significant main effects of attention and eccentricity were found, with metacognitive sensitivity decreasing with eccentricity, and decreasing in the invalid cue condition. Interestingly, metacognitive efficiency, as measured by the ratio of meta-d’a/d’a, was not modulated by attention or eccentricity. Overall, these findings demonstrate (1) that in some circumstances, observers have surprisingly robust metacognitive insights into how performance changes across the visual field, and (2) that the periphery may be subject to variable detection biases that are contingent on the exact location in peripheral space.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Consistent metacognitive efficiency and variable responses biases in peripheral vision

Pruitt,

Knotts,

Odegaard

2023

Preprint

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Representing Variability

Chetverikov,

Kristjánsson

2024

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The visual world is full of detail. This Element focuses on this variability in perception, asking how it affects performance in visual tasks and how the variability is represented by human observers. The authors highlight different methods for assessing representations of variability and suggest that understanding visual variability can be elusive when straightforward explicit methods are used, while more implicit methods may be better suited to uncovering such processing. The authors conclude that variability is represented in far more detail than previously thought and that this aspect of perception is vital for understanding the complexity of visual consciousness.

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More than words: can free reports adequately measure the richness of perception?

Hirschhorn,

Mudrik

2024

Neuroscience of Consciousness

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The question of the richness (or sparseness) of conscious experience has evoked ongoing debate and discussion. Claims for both richness and sparseness are supported by empirical data, yet they are often indirect, and alternative explanations have been put forward. Recently, it has been suggested that current experimental methods limit participants’ responses, thereby preventing researchers from assessing the actual richness of perception. Instead, free verbal reports were presented as a possible way to overcome this limitation. As part of this approach, a novel paradigm of freely reported words was developed using a new metric, intersubjective agreement (IA), with experimental results interpreted as capturing aspects of conscious perception. Here, we challenge the validity of freely reported words as a tool for studying the richness of conscious experience. We base our claims on two studies (each composed of three experiments), where we manipulated the richness of percepts and tested whether IA changed accordingly. Five additional control experiments were conducted to validate the experimental logic and examine alternative explanations. Our results suggest otherwise, presenting four challenges to the free verbal report paradigm: first, impoverished stimuli did not evoke lower IA scores. Second, the IA score was correlated with word frequency in English. Third, the original positive relationship between IA scores and rated confidence was not found in any of the six experiments. Fourth, a high rate of nonexisting words was found, some of which described items that matched the gist of the scene but did not appear in the image. We conclude that a metric based on freely reported words might be better explained by vocabulary conventions and gist-based reports than by capturing the richness of perception.

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Color diversity judgments in peripheral vision: Evidence against “cost-free” representations

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Consistent metacognitive efficiency and variable responses biases in peripheral vision

Consistent metacognitive efficiency and variable responses biases in peripheral vision

Representing Variability

More than words: can free reports adequately measure the richness of perception?

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