Color Image Watermarking Using Multidimensional Fourier Transforms

Tsui, Tsz Kin; Zhang, Xiaoping; Androutsos, Dimitrios

doi:10.1109/tifs.2007.916275

Cited by 207 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In the same vein as [49], Kougianos et al [25] have investigated several DCT-DWT domain dual (robust-fragile) watermarking methods which are embedded in a hardware processor in order to achieve low power usage, real-time performance, reliability, and ease of integration with existing consumer electronic devices. Other common transforms such as the Fourier transform [41], [42], the fractional Fourier Transform [38], the Hadamard transform [31] or the Schur transform [39] have been used in the cited robust watermarking schemes to lower the computation cost and improve the authentication assessment of the watermark during common image processing attacks.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [4] the color pixels are interpreted as quaternions and the Quaternion DFT is applied to compute coefficients which are marked with the Quantization Index Modulation; a watermarking scheme is obtained that is judged suitable for data hiding by its authors. In [42] the DFT is applied for the robust, non-blind watermarking of color images: two approaches are presented, both aimed at minimizing the watermark visual impact giving more strength to the yellow-blue component; the first approach is based on the Spatio-Chromatic DFT whilst the second applies the Quaternion Fourier Transform (QFT).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A modular framework for color image watermarking

2016

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Abstract. We present an algorithm for fragile watermarking of color, or multi-channel, images either in uncompressed format, in lossless compressed format, or in compressed format with locally compressed units (like JPEG). The watermark is embedded into the Karhunen-Loève transform (KLT) coefficients of the host image, and the security of the method is based on the secrecy of the KLT basis computed from a corresponding secret key image. The watermark bits may be embedded with various methods, in particular the use of syndrome coding has proven flexible and effective.Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are used to find the optimum pixel modification leading to the watermark embedding. The resulting watermarked images have shown to have both a high objective quality (in terms of PSNR and SSIM) and a high subjective quality (tested by a group of observers). At the same time, the watermark extraction is very sensitive to small (±1 intensity level for single pixel) modifications, ensuring image authentication with very high probability.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modular framework for color image watermarking

2016

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“…Step 4: R 11 and I 11 calculation by eq (13) There are two unknowns and two equations eq (14) and eq (15) Now R 11 is equivalent to R 01 , That is 28 and I 11 is negation of I 01 , which is -44 by eq (13). This two pair 28 + j 44 and 28 -j 44 are known as complex conjugate pair.…”

Section: 41algorithm For Forward Z-transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image Authentication Through ZTransform with Low Energy And Bandwidth (IAZT

Sengupta¹,

Mandal²

2013

IJNSA

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In this paper a Z-transform based image authentication technique termed as IAZT has been proposed to authenticate gray scale images. The technique uses energy efficient and low bandwidth based invisible data embedding with a minimal computational complexity. Near about half of the bandwidth is required compared to the traditional Z-transform while transmitting the multimedia contents such as images with authenticating message through network. This authenticating technique may be used for copyright protection or ownership verification. Experimental results are computed and compared with the existing authentication

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“…However, it still has relative low capacity and gener− ally is not robust against attacks. On the other hand, the fre− quency domain transformed the host image using frequency transformations such as discrete cosine transform (DCT) [3,4], discrete wavelet transform (DWT) [5,6], discrete Fou− rier transform (DFT) [7,8], discrete Hadamard transform (DHT) [9,10] and Ridgelet transform (RT) [11,12]. Then, watermark is embedded by modifying these coefficients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A robust SVD-based image watermarking using a multi-objective particle swarm optimization

Loukhaoukha

Nabti

Zebbiche

2014

Opto-Electronics Review

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The major objective in developing a robust digital watermarking algorithm is to obtain the highest possible robustness without losing the visual imperceptibility. To achieve this objective, we proposed in this paper an optimal image watermarking scheme using multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) and singular value decomposition (SVD) in wavelet domain. Having decomposed the original image into ten sub-bands, singular value decomposition is applied to a chosen detail sub-band. Then, the singular values of the chosen sub-band are modified by multiple scaling factors (MSF) to embed the singular values of watermark image. Various combinations of multiple scaling factors are possible, and it is difficult to obtain optimal solutions. Thus, in order to achieve the highest possible robustness and imperceptibility, multi-objective optimization of the multiple scaling factors is necessary. This work employs particle swarm optimization to obtain optimum multiple scaling factors. Experimental results of the proposed approach show both the significant improvement in term of imperceptibility and robustness under various attacks.

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Color Image Watermarking Using Multidimensional Fourier Transforms

Cited by 207 publications

References 26 publications

A modular framework for color image watermarking

A modular framework for color image watermarking

Image Authentication Through ZTransform with Low Energy And Bandwidth (IAZT

A robust SVD-based image watermarking using a multi-objective particle swarm optimization

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