Color matching and the Stiles–Crawford effect in observers with early age-related macular changes

Smith, Vivianne C.; Pokorny, Joel; Diddie, Kenneth R.

doi:10.1364/josaa.5.002113

Cited by 58 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…25 This is consistent with the results obtained in patients with diseases that cause retinal deformation, implying some disorientation of the photoreceptors.' 8 A fourth finding is that there is more variation across individuals for the color matches of older observers, even older observers with 20/20 visual acuity,' 0 in comparison with those of younger observers.'…”

Section: Previous Color-matching Results For Effects Of Agingsupporting

confidence: 89%

Aging and human cone photopigments

et al. 1988

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We used a noninvasive technique to investigate changes in photoreceptor function with aging in observers 13-69 years of age. This technique, steady-state color matching, provides estimates of the optical density of cone photopigments, the illuminance that bleaches half of the photopigment, and the ratio of the primaries required at moderate light levels. In normal human retinas, we found that the optical density for a 4-deg field is affected minimally by aging from the second through the seventh decades. The average optical density is 0.27 ± 0.054. The optical densities of older observers varied more than those of younger observers. The change in optical density with age is nonmonotonic, with slightly lower values for the youngest and oldest observers in our study. The retinal illuminance that bleaches half of the cone photopigment varied little across observers, averaging 4.37 log Td ± 0.119. The change with age, which averages 0.00018 log Td per year over all observers, also is nonmonotonic. Moderate illuminance color matches did change with age, as expected, with a monotonic decrease with age in the ratio of the long-wavelength primary to the short-wavelength primary required for the color match.

show abstract

Section: Previous Color-matching Results For Effects Of Agingsupporting

confidence: 89%

Aging and human cone photopigments

et al. 1988

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…the foveal birefringence is due to the radial order of the photoreceptor axons. [38][39][40][41] For good visual performance, the status of the inner retina and ocular media is important as well. Only three cases in our sample presented with poor visual acuity and a regular bowtie.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between foveal birefringence and visual acuity in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

Weber

Elsner

Miura

et al. 2006

Eye

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose To investigate the relationship between visual acuity and foveal birefringence in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Methods In total, 40 patients with choroidal neovascularization underwent macular imaging with scanning laser polarimetry. Bowtie patterns, typically seen in birefringence images of the macula, were evaluated and classified into three categories: (1) regular bowtie present; (2) bowtie present, but disrupted; and (3) no bowtie present. The relation of the bowtie appearance to the best-corrected logMAR visual acuities was tested (ANOVA). Results Mean visual acuity was best for the group that had regular bowties (mean logMAR ¼ 0.34) and differed statistically significantly from the disrupted bowtie group and no bowtie group (P ¼ 0.01 and 0.0007). Ages for the three groups did not differ (P ¼ 0.31). Conclusions Appearance of a regular bowtie indicates a substantially intact Henle fibre layer with the potential for good visual function, despite the presence of underlying pathology. Conversely, disruption or absence of a bowtie may indicate severe damage to the photoreceptors, consistent with the finding of poorer visual acuity.

show abstract

“…The SCE has been used in preliminary studies to indicate the stage and degree of various retinal abnormalities. These include diabetic retinopathy [4], macular edema [5], age-related macular changes [6], pigment epitheliopathy [7], retinal detachments [8,9], and others [7,[10][11][12][13][14]. An added benefit of the SCE as a biomarker is its stability with age [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring retinal contributions to the optical Stiles-Crawford effect with optical coherence tomography

Gao¹,

Cense²,

Zhang³

et al. 2008

Opt. Express

121

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The directional component of the retinal reflection, i.e., the optical Stiles-Crawford effect (SCE), is well established to result from the waveguiding property of photoreceptors. Considerable uncertainty, however, remains as to which retinal reflections are waveguided and thus contribute. To this end we have developed a retina camera based on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) that axially resolves (~5 μm) these reflections and permits a direct investigation of the SCE origin at near infrared wavelengths. Reflections from the photoreceptor inner/outer segments junction (IS/ OS) and near the posterior tip of the outer segments (PTOS) were found highly sensitive to beam entry position in the pupil with a considerable decrease in brightness occurring with an increase in aperture eccentricity. Reflections from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were largely insensitive. The average directionality (ρ oct value) at 2 degree eccentricity across the four subjects for the IS/OS, PTOS, and RPE were 0.120, 0.270, and 0.016 mm −2 , respectively. The directionality for the IS/OS approached typical psychophysical SCE measurements, while that for the PTOS approached conventional optical SCE measurements. Precise measurement of the optical SCE was found to require significant A-scan averaging.

show abstract

Color matching and the Stiles–Crawford effect in observers with early age-related macular changes

Cited by 58 publications

References 13 publications

Aging and human cone photopigments

Aging and human cone photopigments

Relationship between foveal birefringence and visual acuity in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

Measuring retinal contributions to the optical Stiles-Crawford effect with optical coherence tomography

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About