Color of Scents: Chromatic Stimuli Modulate Odor Responses in the Human Brain

Österbauer, Robert A.; Matthews, Paul M.; Jenkinson, Mark; Beckmann, Christian F.; Hansen, P.; Calvert, Gemma A.

doi:10.1152/jn.00555.2004

Cited by 158 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Given that these activations are reported mainly in studies targeting audiovisual integration (but see ref. 40), we argue that the present findings add olfactory-visual integration Fig. 5.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Behavioral and neural correlates to multisensory detection of sick humans

Regenbogen

Axelsson

Lasselin

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

119

110

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Throughout human evolution, infectious diseases have been a primary cause of death. Detection of subtle cues indicating sickness and avoidance of sick conspecifics would therefore be an adaptive way of coping with an environment fraught with pathogens. This study determines how humans perceive and integrate early cues of sickness in conspecifics sampled just hours after the induction of immune system activation, and the underlying neural mechanisms for this detection. In a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, the immune system in 22 sample donors was transiently activated with an endotoxin injection [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)]. Facial photographs and body odor samples were taken from the same donors when "sick" (LPS-injected) and when "healthy" (saline-injected) and subsequently were presented to a separate group of participants (n = 30) who rated their liking of the presented person during fMRI scanning. Faces were less socially desirable when sick, and sick body odors tended to lower liking of the faces. Sickness status presented by odor and facial photograph resulted in increased neural activation of odor-and faceperception networks, respectively. A superadditive effect of olfactory-visual integration of sickness cues was found in the intraparietal sulcus, which was functionally connected to core areas of multisensory integration in the superior temporal sulcus and orbitofrontal cortex. Taken together, the results outline a disease-avoidance model in which neural mechanisms involved in the detection of disease cues and multisensory integration are vital parts.body odor | lipopolysaccharide | endotoxin | sickness cues | disease avoidance

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Behavioral and neural correlates to multisensory detection of sick humans

Regenbogen

Axelsson

Lasselin

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

119

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…2006), and odor detection and perceived intensity can be modulated by congruent visual cues (Gottfried and Dolan 2003; Osterbauer et al. 2005; Stevenson and Oaten 2008; Zhou et al. 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapidly acquired multisensory association in the olfactory cortex

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe formation of an odor percept in humans is strongly associated with visual information. However, much less is known about the roles of learning and memory in shaping the multisensory nature of odor representations in the brain.MethodThe dynamics of odor and visual association in olfaction was investigated using three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigms. In two paradigms, a visual cue was paired with an odor. In the third, the same visual cue was never paired with an odor. In this experimental design, if the visual cue was not influenced by odor–visual pairing, then the blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signal elicited by subsequent visual cues should be similar across all three paradigms. Additionally, intensity, a major dimension of odor perception, was used as a modulator of associative learning which was characterized in terms of the spatiotemporal behavior of the BOLD signal in olfactory structures.ResultsA single odor–visual pairing cue could subsequently induce primary olfactory cortex activity when only the visual cue was presented. This activity was intensity dependent and was also detected in secondary olfactory structures and hippocampus.ConclusionThis study provides evidence for a rapid learning response in the olfactory system by a visual cue following odor and visual cue pairing. The novel data and paradigms suggest new avenues to explore the dynamics of odor learning and multisensory representations that contribute to the construction of a unified odor percept in the human brain.

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“…In addition, studies on the mutual influence of smells and colors have also been conducted. While several different approaches to such cross-sensory studies are used, such as investigations of behavior (e.g., Morrot, Brochet, & Dubourdieu 2001 [28]) or brain science (Österbauer, Matthews, Matthews, Jenkinson, Beckmann, Hansen, & Calvert 2005 [32]), an important approach examines cognitive aspects at the perception level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmony between Colors and Fragrances: Effect on Dimensions of Impressions

Miura

Saito

2012

Kansei Engineering International Journal

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Abstract:The objective of this study is to extract dimensions in impressions of colors and fragrances, and to examine their harmonious relationship. Experiment A: One hundred subjects were requested to describe their impressions of eight fragrances, and to select harmonious/disharmonious colors from color charts. Experiment B: One hundred subjects described their impression of 18 colors and each color's degree of harmonization with each of the eight fragrances. In addition, we combined the results of Experiment A and Experiment B, and conducted several analyses. The factor analysis revealed the MILD factor and CLEAR factor for the dimensions of each fragrance, color, and combination of color and fragrance. The multiple regression analysis revealed the following tendency: the smaller the distance between colors and fragrances on the dimensions, the greater is the rise in harmony; conversely, the greater the distance, the greater is the disharmony.

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Color of Scents: Chromatic Stimuli Modulate Odor Responses in the Human Brain

Cited by 158 publications

References 57 publications

Behavioral and neural correlates to multisensory detection of sick humans

Behavioral and neural correlates to multisensory detection of sick humans

Rapidly acquired multisensory association in the olfactory cortex

Harmony between Colors and Fragrances: Effect on Dimensions of Impressions

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