Color reduction of sulfonated eucalyptus kraft lignin

Zhang, Hui; Bai, Youcan; Zhou, Wanpeng; Chen, Fangeng

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.031

Cited by 69 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We first converted the neutral kraft lignin to lignin sulfonate ionomers with different IECs (LS x) following literature (Aro and Fatehi, 2017 ; Zhang et al, 2017 ) (please see the Experimental section for synthetic details). The major steps of LS x ionomer synthesis were: (1) a sulfomethylation reaction starting with neutral lignin, (2) acidification to convert –CH 2 SO 3 Na to –CH 2 SO 3 H; and (3) cross-linking the polymer to minimize water solubility ( Figures 1B,C ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of Na 2 SO 3 and HCHO together allowed a sulfonation reaction at mild condition, where Na 2 SO 3 and HCHO reacted together to produce sodium hydroxymethane sulfonate (OH-CH 2 -SO 3 Na) first. This molecule attacked the C-5 positions of benzene rings of kraft lignin in the next step to yield sulfonated lignin in Na-form (–CH 2 SO 3 Na form) (Zhang et al, 2017 ). Subsequent reaction with HCl converted Na-form to H-form (i.e., –CH 2 SO 3 H form).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionomers From Kraft Lignin for Renewable Energy Applications

et al. 2020

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionomers From Kraft Lignin for Renewable Energy Applications

et al. 2020

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“…The reaction schemes of sulfobutylation and sulfomethylation of lignin are shown in Figure 1 . In the sulfobutylation reaction, the sulfonation reagent, 1,4–butanesultone, reacts with both phenolic and aliphatic hydroxy groups of lignin through S N 2 mechanism via ring-opening providing a sulfonated group and long alkyl chains (−C 4 H 8 −SO 3 H) grafting to lignin under alkaline conditions [ 21 , 26 , 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of the molar ratio of 1,4–butanesultone/lignin (mol/mol) on the charge density of SBL was investigated under the reaction conditions of 70 °C and 3 h ( Figure 2 ). According to the results, the anionic charge density reached its maximum value at the ratio of 0.2 mol/mol as 1,4– butanesultone is known to be an effective reagent to react with both phenolic and aliphatic groups [ 21 , 37 , 38 ]. Therefore, the molar ratio of 0.2 mol/mol was selected for the sulfobutylation reaction to produce sulfobutylated lignin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the spectrum of SBL, three peaks at 1.79, 1.58 and 2.63 ppm can be assigned to C, D, and E protons ( Figure 3 ), respectively, which are not present in the spectrum of KL. The remarkable increase in these peaks is related to the aliphatic proton signals arising from the coupling of the −C 4 H 8 −SO 3 H groups, and they proved the production of sulfobutylated lignin [ 21 , 26 , 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Sulfobutylated and Sulfomethylated Lignin as Dispersant for Kaolin Suspension

Hopa

Fatehi

2020

Polymers

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Kraft lignin is an abundant natural resource, but it is underutilized. In this study, sulfoalkylated lignin derivatives with similar charge densities but with different alkyl chain length were produced via sulfobutylation and sulfomethylation reactions. The contact angle studies revealed that sulfobutylated lignin (SBL) with longer alkyl chains had a higher hydrophobicity than sulfomethylated lignin (SML) did. The adsorption behavior of sulfoalkylated lignins was studied using a Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) on Al2O3 coated surface as representative of positively charged sites of kaolin particles. The results of adsorption studies showed that SBL deposited more greatly than SML did on the Al2O3 surface, and it generated a thicker but less viscoelastic adlayer on the surface. The adlayer thickness and configuration of molecules on the surface were also related to the zeta potential and stabilization performance of the polymers in the kaolin suspension system. The results also confirmed that both lignin derivatives were very effective in dispersing kaolin particles at neutral pH, and their effectiveness was hampered under alkaline or acidic pH.

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Decolorization of Lignin for High‐Resolution 3D Printing of High Lignin‐Content Composites

Böcherer,

Montazeri,

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Lignin, one of the most abundant biomaterials and a large‐scale industrial waste product, is a promising filler for polymers as it reduces the amount of fossil resources and is readily available. 3D printing is well‐known for producing detailed polymer structures in small sizes at low waste production. Especially light‐assisted 3D printing is a powerful technique for production of high‐resolution structures. However, lignin acts as a very efficient absorber for UV and visible light limiting the printability of lignin composites, reducing its potential as a high‐volume filler. In this work, the decolorization of lignin is presented for high‐resolution 3D printing of biocomposites with lignin content up to 40 wt.%. Organosolv lignin (OSL) is decolorized by an optimized low‐energy process of acetylation and subsequent UV irradiation reducing the UV absorbance by 71%. By integration of decolorized lignin into bio‐based tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (THFA), a lignin content of 40 wt.% and a resolution of 250 µm is achieved. Due to the reinforcing properties of lignin, the stiffness and strength of the material is increased by factors of 15 and 2.3, respectively. This work paves the way for the re‐use of a large amount of lignin waste for 3D printing of tough materials at high resolution.

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Color reduction of sulfonated eucalyptus kraft lignin

Cited by 69 publications

References 33 publications

Ionomers From Kraft Lignin for Renewable Energy Applications

Ionomers From Kraft Lignin for Renewable Energy Applications

Using Sulfobutylated and Sulfomethylated Lignin as Dispersant for Kaolin Suspension

Decolorization of Lignin for High‐Resolution 3D Printing of High Lignin‐Content Composites

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