Color Shade Nets Affect Plant Growth and Seasonal Leaf Quality of Camellia sinensis Grown in Mississippi, the United States

Zhang, Qianwen; Bi, Guoan; Li, Tongyin; Wang, Qiushuang; Xing, Zhiheng; LeCompte, Judson; Harkess, Richard L.

doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.786421

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Shading is one of the best ways to protect plants from different temperatures such as cold, hot, highs and low temperatures, and hence decrease cold damage or leaf injury in plants [35]. In present research, cold damage was detected under non-shading conditions during both mild and extreme conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…In the development of tea plants, different shade treatments had a substantial impact on chlorophyll and biochemical components, as well as carbon and nitrogen regulation [24,35,43]. Photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigments can deliver energy for specialized metabolism of plants and carbon and nitrogen are both crucial for synthesis of photosynthetic products, enzymes, and chloroplasts in plants [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Shading Nets on Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation, Photosynthetic Changes, and Associated Physiochemical Attributes in Promoting Cold-Induced Damage in Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze

et al. 2022

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Climate change and extreme weather affect tea growing. A competitive tea market needs quick, short-term solutions. This study evaluates the effects of various shade nets under mild and extreme cold stress on tea leaf physiology, photosynthetic alterations, antioxidant activities, and physiochemical characteristics. Tea plants were treated with SD0 (0% non-shading), SD1 (30% shading), SD2 (60% shading), and SD3 (75% shading). The 30%, 60%, and 75% shade nets shielded tea leaves from cold damage and reduced leaf injury during mild and extreme cold conditions compared with SD0% non-shading. Shading regulates photochemical capacity and efficiency and optimizes chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents. Moreover, carbon and nitrogen increased during mild cold and decreased in extreme cold conditions. Shading promoted antioxidant activity and physiochemical attributes. In fact, under 60% of shade, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ω-3 alpha-linolenic acid were improved compared with SD0% non-shading during both mild and extreme cold conditions. From these findings, we hypothesized that the effect of different shades played an important role in the protection of tea leaves and alleviated the defense mechanism for “Zhong Cha 102” during exposure to a cold environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Shading Nets on Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation, Photosynthetic Changes, and Associated Physiochemical Attributes in Promoting Cold-Induced Damage in Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze

et al. 2022

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“…Therefore, short-term strategies are needed to alleviate important environmental stresses and increase plant growth and development. Shade is one of the finest strategies to protect plants from various temperature stressors ( Zaman et al., 2022 ) to increase growth and productivity and reduce cold damage or leaf injury in plants ( Zhang et al., 2022 ). The present study showed cold damage to C. sinensis leaves in three shading groups compared with no-shade control plants in November and December during low temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The utilization of shade nets is a typical practice across various climatic settings to protect different crops on physiological, molecular, and cellular levels ( Ji et al., 2018 ). Several researchers published studies on different tea cultivars in response to protective shading mechanisms under different environmental conditions ( Ji et al., 2018 ; Zhang et al., 2022 ). Zaman et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of shading on physiological attributes and comparative transcriptome analysis of Camellia sinensis cultivar reveals tolerance mechanisms to low temperatures

Zaman

Shen²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Tea is a vital beverage crop all over the world, including in China. Low temperatures restrict its growth, development, and terrestrial distribution, and cold event variability worsens cold damage. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms of Camellia sinensis under shade in winter remain unclear. In our study, tea leaves were utilized for physiological attributes and transcriptome analysis in November and December in three shading groups and no-shade control plants. When compared to the no-shade control plants, the shading group protected tea leaves from cold damage, increased photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD), and sustained chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents by physiological mean. Then, transcriptome analysis revealed 20,807 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and transcription factors (TFs) in November and December. A comparative study of transcriptome resulted in 3,523 DEGs and many TFs under SD0% vs. SD30%, SD0% vs. SD60%, and SD0% vs. SD75% of shading in November and December. Statistically, 114 DEGs were downregulated and 72 were upregulated under SD0% vs. SD30%. SD0% vs. SD60% resulted in 154 DEGs, with 60 downregulated and 94 upregulated. Similarly, there were 505 DEGs of which 244 were downregulated and 263 were upregulated under SD0% vs. SD75% of shading throughout November. However, 279 DEGs were downregulated and 105 were upregulated under SD0% vs. SD30%. SD0% vs. SD60% resulted in 296 DEGs, with 172 downregulated and 124 upregulated. Finally, 2,173 DEGs were regulated in December, with 1,428 downregulated and 745 upregulated under SD0% vs. SD75%. These indicate that the number of downregulated DEGs in December was higher than the number of upregulated DEGs in November during low temperatures. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of differentially expressed genes were highly regulated in the photosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. However, qRT-PCR and RNA-seq relative expression of photosynthetic (DEGs) Lhcb2 in both November and December, plant hormone (DEGs) BRI1 and JAZ in November and IAA and ERF1 in December, and key DEGs of MAPK signal transduction FLS2, CHIB, and MPK4 in November and RBOH, MKK4_5, and MEKK1 in December in three shading groups and no-shade control plants responded to tea cold tolerance. The enhanced expression of light-harvesting photosystem I gene Lhca5, light-harvesting photosystem II gene Lhcb2, and mitogen-activated protein kinases MEKK1 and MPK4/6 enhance the cold-tolerance mechanism of C. sinensis. These comprehensive transcriptomic findings are significant for furthering our understanding of the genes and underlying regulatory mechanisms of shade-mediated low-temperature stress tolerance in horticultural crops.

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“…The lower the P/A ratio, the higher the catechin quality index, which will ultimately enhance the overall quality of green tea [ 31 , 47 , 48 ]. Numerous studies have demonstrated that shading can increase the foliar content of theanine, because shade-grown plants assimilate more nitrogen and theanine breaks down less [ 39 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. In summer afternoons, the high temperature and strong light in tea plantations may lead to the photoinhibition of tea [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Ecological Shading by Roadside Trees on Tea Foliar Nutritional and Bioactive Components, Community Diversity of Insects and Soil Microbes in Tea Plantation

Zou

Zhong

Han

et al. 2022

Biology

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Roadside trees not only add aesthetic appeal to tea plantations, but also serve important ecological purposes for the shaded tea plants. In this study, we selected tea orchards with two access roads, from east to west (EW-road) and from south to north (SN-road), and the roadside trees formed three types of ecological shading of the adjoining tea plants; i.e., south shading (SS) by the roadside trees on the EW-road, and east shading and west shading (ES and WS) by the roadside trees on the SN-road. We studied the impacts of ecological shading by roadside trees on the tea plants, insects, and soil microbes in the tea plantation, by measuring the contents of soluble nutrients, bioactive compounds in the tea, and tea quality indices; and by investigating the population occurrence of key species of insects and calculating insect community indexes, while simultaneously assaying the soil microbiome. The results vividly demonstrated that the shading formed by roadside tree lines on the surrounding tea plantation (SS, ES, and WS) had adverse effects on the concentration of tea soluble sugars but enhanced the foliar contents of bioactive components and improved the overall tea quality, in contrast to the no-shading control tea plants. In addition, the roadside tree lines seemed to be beneficial for the tea plantation, as they reduced pest occurrence, and ES shading enhanced the microbial soil diversity in the rhizosphere of the tea plants.

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Color Shade Nets Affect Plant Growth and Seasonal Leaf Quality of Camellia sinensis Grown in Mississippi, the United States

Cited by 13 publications

References 75 publications

Effects of Shading Nets on Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation, Photosynthetic Changes, and Associated Physiochemical Attributes in Promoting Cold-Induced Damage in Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze

Effects of Shading Nets on Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation, Photosynthetic Changes, and Associated Physiochemical Attributes in Promoting Cold-Induced Damage in Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze

Effect of shading on physiological attributes and comparative transcriptome analysis of Camellia sinensis cultivar reveals tolerance mechanisms to low temperatures

Impacts of Ecological Shading by Roadside Trees on Tea Foliar Nutritional and Bioactive Components, Community Diversity of Insects and Soil Microbes in Tea Plantation

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