Color Vision Tests in Pilots’ Medical Assessments

Maréchal, M.; Delbarre, M.; Tesson, Joachim; Lacambre, Carole; Lefebvre, Hélène; Froussart-Maille, F.

doi:10.3357/amhp.5009.2018

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The qualification for CIE 3 is a pass of FD15 that is, with some limitations (Dain SA et al 2019), consistent with the ability to recognize colour codes at a short distance. In this study, ROC analysis of FD15 found a sensitivity of 1.00 at 18.64 SN, which is consistent with the suggestion by Marechal & al. (2018) to classify CVD above 18.5 SN as dichromat.…”

Section: Colour Vision Qualitysupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In this study, ROC analysis of FD15 found a sensitivity of 1.00 at 18.64 SN, which is consistent with the suggestion by Marechal & al. (2018) to classify CVD above 18.5 SN as dichromat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colour Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) makes it possible to establish reliable estimates of RG and YB colour thresholds. The CAD test has demonstrated close to 100% sensitivity and specificity in detecting CVD and in classifying the type of deficiency involved (Marechal & al. 2018;Barbur & Rodriguez-Carmona 2017).…”

Section: Colour Vision Testing With the Cad Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CAD test has demonstrated close to 100% sensitivity and specificity in detecting CVD and in classifying the type of deficiency involved (Marechal & al. 2018; Barbur & Rodriguez‐Carmona 2017). The severity of both RG and YB colour vision loss is quantified in CAD units as Standard Normals (SN).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colour vision classification – comparing CAD and CIE 143:2001 International recommendations for colour vision requirements in transport

Koefoed

Miles

Cason

et al. 2020

Acta Ophthalmologica

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To evaluate the colour vision severity classification standard 'CIE 143:2001 International recommendations for colour vision requirements in transport' (CIE 143:2001), which has become out of date because of the lack of commercial availability of required colour vision tests. Methods: One-hundred-five subjects had colour vision tested and colour vision severity classified according to a modified CIE 143:2001 algorithm that included pseudoisochromatic plates (Ishihara's test and Hardy Rand Rittler (HRR) 4th edition), Optec 900 lantern and Farnsworth D-15. Subject's results and colour vision severity classification were compared to performance and colour vision severity classification on the computerized 'Colour Assessment and Diagnosis' (CAD) test. Results: According to CIE 143:2001, using Ishihara's test, Optec lantern and Farnsworth D 15, 11 subjects (10%) were category I (normal), 16 (15%) were category II (mild), 48 (46%) were category III (poor), and 30 (29%) were category IV (severe). Classified by CAD score, 10 (10%) were category I, 11 (10%) were category II, 41 (39%) were category III, and 43 (41%) were category IV. The correlation between the two estimates of the severity of colour vision loss (i.e. CIE 143:2001 and CAD) was high, with a Kendall's Tau test of 0.81 (s = 0.81 p < 0.001). A suggested CIE 143:2001 classification including new CAD score limits improves the classification correlation to 0.90 (s = 0.90 p < 0.001) for all diagnoses. Conclusion: The colour vision severity classification standard 'CIE 143:2001 International recommendations for colour vision requirements in transport', has not implemented new diagnostic tools with better accuracy. We propose three possible revisions to the CIE 143:2001 algorithm, based on the availability of CAD: (1) Replacing the current CIE 143:2001 algorithm using new CAD threshold limits, (2) Use of CAD as a secondary test to Ishihara's test and HRR or (3) Revising the current CIE 143:2001 algorithm using Ishihara's test, HRR, Optec 900 and FD15.

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Section: Colour Vision Qualitysupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In this study, ROC analysis of FD15 found a sensitivity of 1.00 at 18.64 SN, which is consistent with the suggestion by Marechal & al. (2018) to classify CVD above 18.5 SN as dichromat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Colour Vision Testing With the Cad Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colour vision classification – comparing CAD and CIE 143:2001 International recommendations for colour vision requirements in transport

Koefoed

Miles

Cason

et al. 2020

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…The retinal anomaloscope was not available, which is the "gold standard" of color vision screening mainly in grading the severity and differentiating the red-green types, (although it's practice is more difficult and it is not applicable in young children and the diminished cognition persons) 9,10 , accordingly color vision screening was carried out via Ishihara Pseudo Isochromatic 24 plates' book, which is from the time when designed in the last century (1917 by Ishihara was regarded as the most familiar and the most applicable color vision test globally 11 , and also could be successfully achieved by children aged 3-6 years 12 . The Ishihara plate test demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.97 and a specificity of 1.00 for the color-deficiency screening 13 and could detect people with trivial red-green color vision deficiency 14 . There is a significant difference in the incidence of preschool children with color vision deficiency concerning the ethnicity and the geographical location, being highest in the non-Hispanic white ethnicity (8% in males and about 0.4% in females) and lowest in the blacks [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of color vision deficiency among primary school pupils in Duhok city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Hussein¹,

Al-Dabbagh²

2022

Adv.med.j.

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Background and objectives: Color vision deficiency or color blindness is a difficulty in recognizing certain colors. The color vision deficient persons remain unmindful about their condition and only become aware accidentally when tested for color vision. Color vision deficiency may affect job performance in certain careers like drivers, pilots, electrical and electronic engineers, policemen, artists, and medical practitioners. The study aims to detect the color vision deficiency prevalence among the primary school pupils in Duhok city. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among randomely selected two primary school children in Duhok city, Iraq from 1st February 2019 to 1st May 2019. Socio-demographic data was collected by interview using a questionnaire. All participants underwent color vision evaluation using Ishihara’s pseudo isochromatic test 24 plate editions. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24. Results: Out of 978 pupils, 491 were males (50.21%) and 487 were females (49.79%), color vision deficiency was detected in 55 pupils giving a prevalence of (5.63%); among them, 38 pupils have had deutan defects (3.89%) and 17 had protan defects (1.74%). Color vision deficient pupils were 47 males (9.6%) and 8 females (1.64%). Conclusions: This study found that 5.63% of pupils were color deficient, with male gender predominance. All of the color deficient pupils were unmindful of their condition. Green color deficient pupils (deutans) were more than red color deficient (protans), with zero cases of total color blindness.

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Advances in Color Vision Testing

Shoushtari,

Singh

2024

Current Practices in Ophthalmology

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Color Vision Tests in Pilots’ Medical Assessments

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Colour vision classification – comparing CAD and CIE 143:2001 International recommendations for colour vision requirements in transport

Colour vision classification – comparing CAD and CIE 143:2001 International recommendations for colour vision requirements in transport

Prevalence of color vision deficiency among primary school pupils in Duhok city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Advances in Color Vision Testing

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