Colorectal Cancer: An Emphasis on Factors Influencing Racial/Ethnic Disparities

Sharma, Ishna; Kim, Suhhyun; Sridhar, Swathi; Basha, Riyaz

doi:10.1615/critrevoncog.2020035174

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…People of African descent present at a younger age and with more advanced disease at diagnosis and have the highest mortality rate among different ethnic groups 35. Factors responsible for these differences are multifactorial, including known health disparities, socioeconomic status, genetic factors and dietary influences 36 37…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-standardised incidence rate and epidemiology of colorectal cancer in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths globally, with low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) disproportionately affected. Estimates of CRC rates in LMIC are scarce. We aimed to (1) estimate sex-specific incidence of CRC, (2) estimate temporal trend and (3) determine regional variations of CRC rates on the African continent.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysisMethodsPubMed (MEDLINE), OVID (MEDLINE), Scopus and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from inception to 12 December 2020. We included population-based studies that reported the incidence or prevalence estimates of CRC in Africa. Studies not conducted in humans or did not directly report the rates of CRC were excluded. Random effects model was used to pool the estimates. The methodological quality of studies was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Outcome measuresOverall and sex-specific annual age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) of CRC per 100 000 population.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 14 studies consisting of 3365 individuals with CRC (mean age, 58 years, 53% male). The overall ASIR of CRC in Africa per 100 000 population was 5.25 (95% CI 4.08 to 6.75). The rates were slightly higher in males (4.76) than in females (4.18), but not significantly different. Subgroup analysis indicated greater point estimates in North Africa (8.66) compared with sub-Saharan Africa (5.91); and higher estimates in Eastern (8.29) and Northern (8.66) Africa compared with Western (3.55) and Southern (3.57) Africa, but not statistically significant. The overall trend in ASIR has remained constant at nearly 5 per 100 000 population for the last 6 decades.ConclusionCRC estimates in Africa are heterogeneous and could be underestimated. High-quality data collection systems such as population-based cancer registries may facilitate accurate estimation of country-specific rates and provide critical information which would be lucrative to the consideration of resources needed for screening, early detection, treatment and improving overall patient outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although not statistically significant, the pooled ASIR of colorectal cancer in Africa was higher in males (I 2 =39) than in females (I 2 =37). P for interaction comparing the different subgroups=0 37…”

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confidence: 99%

Age-standardised incidence rate and epidemiology of colorectal cancer in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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“…For example, several population-based studies demonstrated that black patients with stage-III colon cancer were less likely to undergo definitive surgery and receive adjuvant chemotherapy as part of standard therapy than whites [ 26 – 34 ]. More recent studies demonstrated persistent racial disparities in colorectal cancer screening, early-onset disease, treatment, and survival [ 39 – 44 ]. Among patients with colon cancer in 2006–2016 in north America, blacks with private or Medicare insurance were still significantly less likely to receive resection and adjuvant chemotherapy than whites [ 45 – 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial disparities in treatments and mortality among a large population-based cohort of older men and women with colorectal cancer

Song²

2022

Cancer Treatment and Research Communications

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“…Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most prevalent cancer on a global scale and stands as a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality [1,2]. It represents 10% of all cancer cases worldwide and is responsible for 9.4% of cancer-related deaths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Narrative Review on Therapeutic Potential of Fisetin in Colorectal Cancer: Focusing on apoptosis and biochemical processes

Zamanian,

Taheri,

Ramadan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Flavonoids, including fisetin, have been linked to a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and have potential therapeutic applications for the condition. Fisetin, a natural flavonoid found in various fruits and vegetables, has shown promise in managing CRC due to its diverse biological activities. It has been found to influence key cell signaling pathways related to inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, growth factors, and transcription factors. The results of this study demonstrate that fisetin induces colon cancer cell apoptosis through multiple mechanisms. It impacts the p53 pathway, leading to increased levels of p53 and decreased levels of MDM2, contributing to apoptosis induction. Fisetin also triggers the release of important components in the apoptotic process, such as Smac/DIABLO and cytochrome c. Furthermore, fisetin inhibits the COX2 and Wnt/EGFR/NF-ĸB signaling pathways, reducing Wnt target gene expression and hindering colony formation. It achieves this by regulating the activities of CDK2 and CDK4, reducing Rb phosphorylation, decreasing cyclin E levels, and increasing p21 levels, ultimately influencing E2F-1 and CDC2 protein levels. Additionally, fisetin has various effects on CRC cells, including inhibiting the phosphorylation of YB-1 and RSK, promoting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and disrupting the repair process of DSBs. Moreover, fisetin serves as an adjunct therapy for the prevention and treatment of PIK3CA-mutant CRC, resulting in a reduction of PI3K expression, AKT phosphorylation, mTOR activity, and downstream target proteins in CRC cells with a PIK3CA mutation. These findings highlight the multifaceted potential of fisetin in managing CRC and position it as a promising candidate for future therapy development.

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Colorectal Cancer: An Emphasis on Factors Influencing Racial/Ethnic Disparities

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Age-standardised incidence rate and epidemiology of colorectal cancer in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Age-standardised incidence rate and epidemiology of colorectal cancer in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Racial disparities in treatments and mortality among a large population-based cohort of older men and women with colorectal cancer

A Narrative Review on Therapeutic Potential of Fisetin in Colorectal Cancer: Focusing on apoptosis and biochemical processes

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