Colorectal Cancer Epidemiology: Recent Trends and Impact on Outcomes

Accumulating evidence indicates that specific strains of mucosa-associated Escherichia coli (E. coli) can influence the development of colorectal carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characterization of mucosa-associated E. coli obtained from the colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and control group. At two referral university-affiliated hospitals in northwest Iran, 100 patients, 50 with CRC and 50 without, were studied over the course of a year. Fresh biopsy specimens were used to identify mucosa-associated E. coli isolates after dithiothreitol mucolysis. To classify the E. coli strains, ten colonies per sample were typed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-based PCR (ERIC-PCR). The strains were classified into phylogroups using the quadruplex PCR method. The PCR method was used to examine for the presence of cyclomodulin, bfp, stx1, stx2, and eae-encoding genes. The strains were tested for biofilm formation using the microtiter plate assay. CRC patients had more mucosa-associated E. coli than the control group ( p < 0.05 ). Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) was also found in 23% of CRC strains and 7.1% of control strains ( p < 0.05 ). Phylogroup A was predominant in control group specimens, while E. coli isolates from CRC patients belonged most frequently to phylogroups D and B2. Furthermore, the frequency of cyclomodulin-encoding genes in the CRC patients was significantly higher than the control group. Around 36.9% of E. coli strains from CRC samples were able to form biofilms, compared to 16.6% E. coli strains from the control group ( p < 0.05 ). Noticeably, cyclomodulin-positive strains were more likely to form biofilm in comparison to cyclomodulin-negative strains ( p < 0.05 ). In conclusion, mucosa-associated E. coli especially cyclomodulin-positive isolates from B2 and D phylogroups possessing biofilm-producing capacity colonize the gut mucosa of CRC patients.

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“…Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the world's third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the world's third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death [ 1 ]. Because of its high morbidity and mortality rate, CRC is an important public health issue [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosa-Associated Escherichia coli in Colorectal Cancer Patients and Control Subjects: Variations in the Prevalence and Attributing Features

Nouri

Hasani

Shirazi

et al. 2021

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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“…Moreover, both PI3K/AKT and RAS/MAPK signaling pathways, which are key pathways for both GH and IGF signaling, were reported to be over-activated during osteosarcoma progression and metastasis (36,37). CRC is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world (38) and has a higher prevalence in acromegalic patients with respect to the general population (19). The GH/ IGF1 axis and IGF system contribute to promote colorectal tumorigenesis through different mechanisms: deregulating Wnt/b-catenin signaling (39)(40)(41), reducing the responsiveness of cells to Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFb) (42), enhancing the anti-apoptotic effects of both Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) (43) and Bcl2 Like 1 (Bcl-X L) (44), and enhancing the expression of the pro-angiogenetic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) (45,46).…”

Section: Mirnas and Lncrnas Regulating The Gh/igf1 Axis And Igf System In Cancer: Focus On Pituitary Adenoma Osteosarcoma And Colorectal mentioning

confidence: 99%

GH and IGF System: The Regulatory Role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in Cancer

et al. 2021

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Growth hormone (GH) and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system are involved in many biological processes and have growth-promoting actions regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. A recent chapter in epigenetics is represented by microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which regulate gene expression. Dysregulated miRNAs and lncRNAs have been associated with several diseases including cancer. Herein we report the most recent findings concerning miRNAs and lncRNAs regulating GH and the IGF system in the context of pituitary adenomas, osteosarcoma and colorectal cancer, shedding light on new possible therapeutic targets. Pituitary adenomas are increasingly common intracranial tumors and somatotroph adenomas determine supra-physiological GH secretion and cause acromegaly. Osteosarcoma is the most frequent bone tumor in children and adolescents and was reported in adults who were treated with GH in childhood. Colorectal cancer is the third cancer in the world and has a higher prevalence in acromegalic patients.

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“…Colorectal cancer is the third leading cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths with an estimated 1.8 million new cases per year and 881,000 deaths worldwide (1,2). Surgical therapy remains the gold standard for rectal growths and the outcomes of surgical treatment for rectal pathologies primarily depend on the location and stage of the tumor, the perioperative surgical protocol and the surgical technique (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Life in Patients With Rectal Resections and End-to-End Primary Anastomosis Using a Standardized Perioperative Pathway

et al. 2022

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Objectives: Lower rectal resection is associated with a high rate of postoperative complications and, therefore, adversely impacts the postoperative health-related quality of life (QoL). Though sporadically practiced in different centers, there is no standard perioperative protocol for the management of patients with rectal growths. The aim of this analysis is to evaluate the patient-reported outcomes after low rectal resections followed by an end-to-end-reconstruction and temporary covering ileostomy using a multidisciplinary fail-safe-concept.Methods: Between 2015 and 2020, we evaluated patient reported outcomes after open and laparoscopic rectal resections with end-to-end reconstruction with a primary straight anastomosis using a standardized perioperative pathway All patients with stoma were excluded from the study. The data for the QoL of patients was collected using the established Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS)-score and the EORTC-C30 and CR-29 questionnaires at a single postoperative timepoint.Results: We recruited 78 stoma-free patients for this analysis. Of 78 patients included in the study, 87.2% were operated laparoscopically and the mean global health status was 67.95 points, while a major LARS was detected in 48 (61.5%) patients. No anastomotic leakage (AL) occurred within the study cohort. There was no significant change in the LARS-score or the global health status depending on the follow-up-period.Conclusion: This study shows that good QoL and functional outcomes with no AL are achievable following end-to-end straight anastomosis using a standardized perioperative surgical fail-safe protocol procedure.

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Colorectal Cancer Epidemiology: Recent Trends and Impact on Outcomes

Cited by 260 publications

References 120 publications

Mucosa-Associated Escherichia coli in Colorectal Cancer Patients and Control Subjects: Variations in the Prevalence and Attributing Features

Mucosa-Associated Escherichia coli in Colorectal Cancer Patients and Control Subjects: Variations in the Prevalence and Attributing Features

GH and IGF System: The Regulatory Role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in Cancer

Quality of Life in Patients With Rectal Resections and End-to-End Primary Anastomosis Using a Standardized Perioperative Pathway

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