Colored rice varieties of Russian breeding in terms of grain quality for development of functional rice varieties

Abstract

In order to develop rice breeding material of a functional direction, technological and biochemical grain quality traits of varieties bred by the Federal Scientific Rice Centre (Rubin, Mars, Mavr, Gagat, Yuzhnaya noch) with a colored grain pericarp, high content of anthocyanins and intended for functional nutrition were studied. The varieties were grown in the valley agrolandscape zone of Krasnodar region (Russia) in 2017–2019. The studied rice varieties are included in the State Register of Protected Breeding Achievements. The grain size by weight of 1000 absolutely dry grains (weight of 1000 a.d.g.) was determined according to GOST 10842-89, fracturing on a DSZ-3 diaphanoscope, protein content was measured using an Infralum FT-10 device. The determination of amylose was carried out colorimetrically using the amylose-iodine reaction according to Juliano. The varieties have a medium-sized caryopsis (21.5-27.0 g of 1000 grains); of them, the variety Yuzhnaya noch is characterized by the smallest grain. The variety Mars belongs to the low amylose group, varieties Mavr, Rubin and Gagat to the medium amylose group, Yuzhnaya noch to the waxy group. In terms of protein content in grain, all varieties are classified as medium protein. The maximum grain fracture was in variety Mavr in the range of 19-25% and the minimum in Mars and Gagat, respectively 2-5 and 2-6%. Variations in grain size indicators, amylose and protein content of varieties are weak in all varieties of special purpose, which testified to their high stability under growing conditions.

The Potential of High-Anthocyanin Purple Rice as a Functional Ingredient in Human Health

“…purple rice has attracted attention in the international rice market; at the same time, some new pigmented rice varieties have been bred and adapted to cultivation in other countries such as Italy, France, Russia, and Australia [30][31][32][33]. These events confirm that the worldwide demand for pigmented rice is increasing.…”

“…For example, traditional medicine in China uses pigmented rice to prevent anemia and to improve blood circulation, kidney function, and eyesight [ 29 ], while black porridge rice is given to aid recovery of broken bones [ 23 ]. Recently, Asian purple rice has attracted attention in the international rice market; at the same time, some new pigmented rice varieties have been bred and adapted to cultivation in other countries such as Italy, France, Russia, and Australia [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. These events confirm that the worldwide demand for pigmented rice is increasing.…”

Heritability and amylose content in hybrid lines of late-generation rice with colored pericarp

“…White rice is the result of introduction into the crop, that is, the white color of rice shells appears in representatives of this genus as a result of domestication. The color of the rice grain (a sign associated with antioxidant activity) is conditioned by the pigmentation of the sclerenchyma and (or) the pericarp and can vary widely: purple (violet/black), red, brown, yellow; variants are possible with uneven color (spotting) (Tumanian et al, 2020;Semeskandi et al, 2024). Rice grains rich in anthocyanins are recognized as an excellent source of natural and safe food dyes (Papillo et al, 2018;Anuyahong et al, 2020;Yi et al, 2020).…”