“…However, these methods require expensive equipment, are complicated to operate, require large samples, are time-consuming and costly, involve labor-intensive sample preparation, and require a large number of organic solvents that are toxic to humans [ 14 , 15 ]. The limitations of these methods have led to the development of other assays, such as colorimetric sensing, which have been developed and widely used to detect various target molecules due to their simplicity, affordability, high sensitivity, and high specificity [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Due to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) characteristics of noble metals such as gold and silver nanoparticles, the wavelength of light absorbed by metal NPs is affected, resulting in changes in color that can be used in the colorimetric detection of pollutants [ 19 , 20 ].…”