A simple and label-free colorimetric method for cadmium ions (Cd 2+ ) detection using unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is reported. The unmodified AuNPs easily aggregate in a high concentration of NaCl solution, but the presence of glutathione (GSH) can prevent the saltinduced aggregation of AuNPs. When Cd 2+ is added to the stable mixture of AuNPs, GSH, and NaCl, Cd 2+ can coordinate with 4Ă GSH as a spherical shaped complex, which decreases the amount of free GSH on the surface of gold nanoparticles to weaken the stability of AuNPs, and AuNPs will easily aggregate in high-salt conditions. On the basis of the mechanism, we design a simple, label-free colorimetric method using AuNPs accompanied by GSH in a high-salt environment to detect Cd 2+ in water and digested rice samples.A s an important natural element, cadmium is widely used in many fields, such as industry, agriculture, and so on. 1 However, chronic exposure of Cd 2+ has caused many serious environmental and health problems, including renal dysfunction, reduced lung capacity, and some cancers. 2,3 In 2013, the government test indicated that some rice samples in South China were contaminated with cadmium. In China, the maximum permitted concentration for cadmium in rice has been set at a level of 0.2 mg/kg, 4 which is lower than the standard of Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), but these events are people alarming. Thus, sensitive sensing cadmium in rice is of considerable significance for food safety and human health. Though many methods for Cd 2+ detection have been developed, these methods either are time-consuming or require costly instruments and complicated operation. 5â9 To satisfy the requirement of an on-site and quick testing, a facile, simple, and on-site method for monitoring Cd 2+ is, therefore, still required.Nowadays, many colorimetric detection methods based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) or silver nanoparticles have been well developed because these nanoparticles have extremely high extinction coefficients and strong distance-dependent optical properties. 10â17 However, there are very few colorimetric methods for Cd 2+ detection, and the selectivity and sensitivity of those detection methods of Cd 2+ is not sufficiently good for real-world applications. 18â23 For example, a colorimetric method for Cd 2+ detection is developed with triazole-ester modified silver nanoparticles. This method suffers from complex organic synthesis, long response time, and poor sensitivity. 18 AuNPs cofunctionalized with 6-mercaptonicotinic acid and L-cysteine can sense Cd 2+ with a visible color change. However, Pb 2+ and Cu 2+ show interference with the detection of Cd 2+ . 19 A new test paper for the colorimetric immunosensing Cd 2+ has been constructed by using the Cd 2+ -ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-bovine serum albumin-AuNPs conjugate. The test paper can be successfully used to detect Cd 2+ in drinking and tap water with almost 100% accuracy. However, the practical application is not included in this paper. 22 A new colorimetric met...