Summary1. The perfused isolated cow adrenal gland was used to investigate the effect of barbituric acid, phenobarbitone and pentobarbitone on catecholamine secretion. 2. Pentobarbitone reduced catecholamine secretion induced by a number of drugs which cause exocytosis. The concentration of pentobarbitone which caused a 50% inhibition of catecholamine secretion was for acetylcholine 56x 1O-5M, for carbachol 6-3 X 10-5M, for histamine 16X 10-4M, for (+)-amphetamine 4 4 x 10-5M and for potassium chloride 1V5 x 10-4M. The degree of inhibition by pentobarbitone was not dependent on the concentration of the secretagogue. 3. Pentobarbitone (up to 10-3M) did not inhibit the catecholamine release that was induced by acetyldehyde or by calcium chloride; it inhibited slightly (34%) the catecholamine secretion induced by tyramine.4. Catecholamine release induced by carbachol was also inhibited by phenobarbitone (50% inhibition at 28 X 10-4M (n=7)) but was unaffected by barbituric acid. 5. Pentobarbitone had no effect on spontaneous or on (+)-amphetamineor tyramine-induced release of catecholamines from isolated chromaffin vesicles of cow adrenal medulla. 6. It is concluded that pentobarbitone inhibits catecholamine release by preventing a configurational change in the structure of the membrane of the chromaffin cell which is a necessary link between receptor activation and catecholamine release.