Colorimetric Determinations of Exchangeable Ammonium, Urea, Nitrate, and Nitrite in a Single Soil Extract1,2

Onken, A. B.; Sunderman, H. D.

doi:10.2134/agronj1977.00021962006900010013x

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The samples were placed in numbered plastic bottles and immediately sent to the Campinas Agronomic Institute, Brazil, where they were kept in a −20 • C freezer. Nitrate (N-NO − 3 ) and ammonium (N-NH + 4 ) analyses were performed using a Na 2 SO 4 (1N) + HgCl 2 extraction solution with the addition of C 6 H 10 O 8 Na 2 S 2 (0.01 %), according to Onken and Sunderman (1977); after extraction the samples were read with a spectrophotometer (430 nm) and quantified (mg kg −1 ) using a standard curve.…”

Section: Soil Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The soil-plant relationship of nitrogen use in three tropical tree species

Pereira-Silva¹,

Hardt²,

Fernandes³

2012

Web Ecol.

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Abstract.We characterized and compared the use of nitrate (N-NO − 3 ), in three recognized pioneer and secondary tropical species, analyzing their relationships with the availability of inorganic nitrogen in the soil of a riparian forest. We tested the hypothesis that pioneer species of the ecological succession (Cecropia glaziovi -Cgl) would be more responsive to N-NO − 3 available and would have high nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in leaves while secondary species (Inga marginata -Ima and Hymenaea courbaril -Hco) would have less responsiveness and would have lower levels of this enzyme on its leaves. We evaluated, tested and compared the NRA and N-NO . In this sense and considering that these species are typically used in ecological restoration projects in Brazil, the knowledge of a strategy for nitrogen use specific to each of them can assist in choosing the species appropriate to the edaphic conditions of the environment.

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Section: Soil Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The soil-plant relationship of nitrogen use in three tropical tree species

Pereira-Silva¹,

Hardt²,

Fernandes³

2012

Web Ecol.

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“…At this concentration, both silver sulfate and mercuric chloride impaired the colour-forming reaction, and therefore 5 mg/L of phenylmercuric acetate was added to the 2 M potassium chloride solution for the extraction (10 mL solution per g soil). These conditions continued to be used to the present day (Sullivan and Havlin 1991;Greenan et al 1995;Ma et al 1999), but other salt solutions have also been employed (Schulz 1975;Onken and Sunderman 1977). As potassium and chloride ions interfered with the early spectrophotometric methods for the determination of ammonium and nitrate, Onken and Sunderman (1977) prepared a soil extract for the determination of urea, ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite with a solution of sodium sulfate and phenylmercuric acetate (5 mg/L).…”

Section: Extraction Of Urea From Soil Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These conditions continued to be used to the present day (Sullivan and Havlin 1991;Greenan et al 1995;Ma et al 1999), but other salt solutions have also been employed (Schulz 1975;Onken and Sunderman 1977). As potassium and chloride ions interfered with the early spectrophotometric methods for the determination of ammonium and nitrate, Onken and Sunderman (1977) prepared a soil extract for the determination of urea, ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite with a solution of sodium sulfate and phenylmercuric acetate (5 mg/L). Samples can be stored over long periods under suitable conditions; extracts obtained with the previously described solution of potassium chloride and phenylmercuric acetate can be stored for at least 3 weeks (Douglas and Bremner 1970a).…”

Section: Extraction Of Urea From Soil Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it has been argued that this method lacks the sensitivity required for studies on urea transformations in soils (Douglas and Bremner 1970a). Onken and Sunderman (1977) found it preferable to use 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde for urea concentrations >100 mg/L, and a diacetyl monoxime/thiosemicarbazide procedure for less concentrated solutions. Watt and Crisp (1954); Rotini et al (1970) Hydrazine was found to interfere in this reaction.…”

Section: Determination Of Ureamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…50-240 Schulz (1975) Extraction with 1% KAl(SO 4 ) 2 solution Room temp. 9-254 Onken and Sunderman (1977) Procedure developed by Watt and Crisp (1954) Room temp., 10 min 100-2500…”

Section: Determination Of Ureamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The determination of urea in soil extracts and related samples—a review

2004

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Although the dominant methods for the determination of urea in clinical applications incorporate selective enzymatic hydrolysis of urea, the determination of urea in soil extracts is complicated by the presence of urease inhibitors. The spectrophotometric determination of urea with an acidic solution diacetyl monoxime and semicarbazide is a viable option but traditional manual procedures are time-consuming. New variations on these procedures, based on microplates or flow-injection analysis methodologies, allow a far greater number of samples to be analysed with high precision and sensitivity.

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Efficient Design of Drip Irrigation System using Water and Fertilizer Application Uniformity at Different Operating Pressures in a Semi‐Arid Region of India

Kumar

Rajput

et al. 2017

Irrigation and Drainage

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Performance evaluation of irrigation has been an important area of research for better management of water resources. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of drip lateral lengths and system operating pressures on water and fertilizer application uniformity at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India. The following parameters of nutrients and water were studied to design and evaluate the performance of drip irrigation systems: (i) uniformity coefficient; (ii) discharge variation; (iii) distribution uniformity; (iv) statistical uniformity. Drip‐line lengths and system operating pressures (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) significantly affect the different parameters of fertilizer and water application. The highest values of uniformity coefficient (99.2%), statistical uniformity (99.2%) and distribution uniformity (97.4%) for irrigation water were observed at a pressure of 1.5 kg cm−2 with a 25 m long drip‐line. Lower values of discharge variation (2.65%) and coefficient of variation (0.04) were observed at the same operating pressure (1.5 kg cm−2) and drip‐line length. However, the lowest value of the uniformity coefficient (88.1%), statistical uniformity (93.7%) and distribution uniformity (93.2%) for irrigation water were recorded at 0.5 kg cm−2 pressure with a 100 m long drip‐line length. The highest values of urea, potassium and phosphorus distribution uniformity were found to be 97.8, 97.1 and 98.2%, respectively, at 1.5 kg cm−2 pressure with 25 m long drip‐line, and lower values of urea, potassium and phosphorus distribution uniformity (93.1, 92.6 and 93.2%, respectively) were recorded at 0.5 kg cm−2 pressure with a 100 m long drip‐line. Water and fertilizer distribution uniformity decreased with increase in drip‐line length, and increased with increase in system operating pressure. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Colorimetric Determinations of Exchangeable Ammonium, Urea, Nitrate, and Nitrite in a Single Soil Extract1,2

Cited by 46 publications

References 1 publication

The soil-plant relationship of nitrogen use in three tropical tree species

The soil-plant relationship of nitrogen use in three tropical tree species

The determination of urea in soil extracts and related samples—a review

Efficient Design of Drip Irrigation System using Water and Fertilizer Application Uniformity at Different Operating Pressures in a Semi‐Arid Region of India

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