Colorimetric logic design for rapid and precise discrimination of nitrate-based improvised explosives

An Experimental Study of Improvised Portable Manual Rebar Bender

“…Typically the device comprises of at least one steel base plate 15mm thick (1), a 25 100mm diameter by 15mm thick rotary steel plate (2), the 40mm diameter steel bushing (3), a 32mm diameter high carbon steel pin (4), a 15mm diameter high carbon steel pin(5), one 15mm thick lever handle (6), one 25mm diameter G.I. Pipe handle (7), 15mm thick rebar adjustable guide (8), 15mm thick rebar guide plate ( 9), 12mm bolt with plain washer (10), a 10mm diameter bolt with nut stopper (11), nine 10mm 30 diameter measuring hole (12) in the steel base plate (1), one 6mm∅ diameter bolt with nut and plain washer (13) place at the end of the lever handle (6), and at least one adjustable measuring guide ( 14), 100mmdiameter by 6mm thick plain washer (15), four 6mm diameter holes (16a, 16b, 16c, and 16d) in the 15mm thick steel base plate (1), a 6mm diameter grease nipple (17), one 32mm diameter hole (18) in the steel base plate (1), two 25mm by 225mm holes (19a and 19b) in the steel base plate (1), and one 40mm diameter hole (20) in the rotary steel plate (2), and one 15 mm diameter hole (21) in the 15 mm thick rotary steel plate (2), and precut size of the rebar (22).…”

“…Colorimetric logic design utilizing YES/NO logic gate, there are some improvised explosives like nitrate-based improvised explosives, black powder (BP), ammonium nitrate (AN), urea nitrate (UN), and their related constituents (17) . This is developed from companies worldwide' principles and mechanisms engaged in the manufacturing of hydraulic and electric powered rebar and portable bending machines.…”

Ultrasensitive dual-mode visualization of perchlorate in water, soil and air boosted by close and stable Pt–Pt packing endowed low-energy absorption and emission

“…Thus, they are more applicable for onsite identication. [18][19][20][21][22] Recently, it was shown that the colorimetric and luminescent dual-mode assay is more efficient than the singlemode method because these dual-mode sensors not only provide the target visualization by the unaided eye, but also greatly eliminate environmental uctuations and background autouorescence, thus facilitating more accurate and discriminative detection especially under complex environments. 21,22 To design a high performance dual-mode visual sensor, a possible high-contrast color change would be encouraged for improving the human eye discrimination.…”

Quantitative volatile organic compound sensing with liquid crystal core fibers

“… 6 , 7 , 8 Better selectivity may be provided from specific chemical interactions between a target VOC and a dye or other responsive material, which reports the VOC presence through a change in appearance. 9 , 10 , 11 An interesting class of such optically VOC-responsive materials is given by liquid crystals (LCs), 12 , 13 which despite their liquid nature exhibit long-range orientational order along a direction called the “director.” 14 This gives them properties normally seen only in crystalline solids, such as birefringence and, in case of chiral LCs, structural color. 15 LCs have been shown to signal exposure to toluene, 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 acetone, 19 , 21 NO 2 , 22 CO 2 , 23 , 24 , O 2 , 24 amines, 25 cyclohexane and acetic acid, 26 chloroform and ethanol, 27 , 28 isopropanol, 29 tetrahydrofuran, methanol, tetrachloroethylene, 27 pyridine, hexane, and benzene 21 and to VOCs mimicking the nerve gas sarin.…”