Colorimetric Observer Categories for Young and Aged Using Paired-Comparison Experiments

Huang, Min; Yang, Xi; He, Renjie; Li, Xiu

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3042817

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Participants' satisfaction of their achieved matches number (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12), gender (M/F), and expertise level (E/ nothing), while the y-axis shows the satisfaction level. For each participant, we report the mean and the 95% confidence interval.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age, gender, ethnicity, and culture are only some of the factors that also impact this process 4 . Therefore, color perception is a subjective attribute, resulting in discrepancies on the perceived color between individuals 5 . This inter‐observer variability is called observer metamerism 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Therefore, color perception is a subjective attribute, resulting in discrepancies on the perceived color between individuals. 5 This inter-observer variability is called observer metamerism. 6 The color perception's subjective nature makes the definition of color description systems extremely challenging.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Metameric failure assessment and reduction between RGB and laser phosphor projectors

et al. 2022

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Metameric failure is commonly observed when different types of displays reproduce the same color, as it is defined by a colorimetry system, but the outputs do not match visually. Metameric failure is impacted by the used colorimetry system and the relation between the involved displays' spectral power distributions (SPDs). In this work, we assess the metameric failure between the upcoming types of theatrical projectors, RGB laser, and laser phosphor (LaPH) and propose a method to reduce it. Our analysis starts by evaluating the performance of existing colorimetry systems in terms of metameric failure reduction. Among the colorimetry systems tested, the CIE 2006 2° (CIE06 2°) system resulted in the least observed metameric failure for a large portion of the participants but not their absolute majority (>50%). The limited performance of existing colorimetry systems led us to questioning the feasibility of successful perceptual color matching between the two projectors. To explore and potentially rule‐out this scenario, we performed a subjective color matching experiment. The analysis of the results revealed the key role that the projectors' SPD differences play on color matching. Based on the observations of the first two studies, we propose a novel colorimetry system that reduces further than existing colorimetry the systems the metameric failure between RGB and LaPH projectors. Our proposed system is a modified version of CIE06–2° that accounts for the spectral differences of the two light sources. Evaluation showed that our solution outperforms existing colorimetry systems.

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Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metameric failure assessment and reduction between RGB and laser phosphor projectors

et al. 2022

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“…Other researchers proposed colorimetric observer models based on the CIE cone fundamentals to address the limitations of the photometric standard observer. 57,58 These models take observer age into account and enable interpolated color matching functions for increased accuracy. Chromaticity diagrams and other color science tools can be updated by incorporating the new colorimetric observers with the caveat of selection and calculation complexity.…”

Section: Interobserver Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlated color temperature: Use and limitations

Durmus

2021

Lighting Research & Technology

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Correlated color temperature (CCT) is a one-dimensional metric that aims to quantify the perceived visual quality of nominal white light sources. It is often used as a proxy for the color quality of light sources due to its ease of use. However, CCT lacks the accuracy in communicating color information for research purposes. Two light sources with identical CCTs can appear perceptually different, and these differences are not estimated by CCT due to the loss of information caused by reducing spectral power distribution of light sources into a one-dimensional metric. Using supplemental metrics in addition to CCT, providing the absolute spectral power distribution of light sources in graphical and tabular form, and documenting and accounting for potential confounding factors, such as chromatic adaptation, can increase the validity of research results, improve the repeatability of studies, and help address replication concerns.

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“…The chromaticity differences between the test and reference stimuli calculated using their SPDs and different CMFs were then used to characterize the performance of the CMFs, with a larger difference suggesting a poorer performance. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Such a color matching method, however, has a limitation that the different chromaticity differences may not suggest a different performance between the CMFs. In other words, though two test stimuli have different chromaticity differences from the reference stimulus, both values could be smaller than the threshold of a noticeable color difference and do not suggest the performance of the CMFs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of primary peak wavelength and stimulus size on metameric failure through color difference evaluations

Huang,

Gao,

Wei

et al. 2023

Color Research & Application

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Tristimulus values and chromaticities, which are derived using the color matching functions (CMFs), are commonly used for color characterization, calibration, and specifications, with the stimuli having the same values believed to have the same color appearance (i.e., metameric match). Many studies, however, found that the stimuli having the same tristimulus values do not appear the same (known as metameric failure) due to the failure of CMFs in accurately characterizing the color matching mechanisms. Most past work investigated the performance of different CMFs through color matching experiments, with a smaller chromaticity or calculated color difference between the reference and test stimuli suggesting a better performance. Such differences, however, may not accurately characterize the performance of the CMFs, since the color spaces or chromaticity diagrams may not be uniform, in terms of the threshold of noticeable color difference. In this study, the human observers evaluated the perceived color difference between pairs of stimuli, which were calibrated to have the same tristimulus values calculated using the CIE 1931 2° CMFs, with two sizes of field of view (FOV). The results clearly suggested that the stimuli having the same tristimulus values may not always appear the same, which depended on the primaries and the FOV. More importantly, the results clearly suggested that the chromaticity differences from color matching experiments may overestimate the metameric failure, especially when the color differences were small.

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Colorimetric Observer Categories for Young and Aged Using Paired-Comparison Experiments

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Metameric failure assessment and reduction between RGB and laser phosphor projectors

Metameric failure assessment and reduction between RGB and laser phosphor projectors

Correlated color temperature: Use and limitations

Effect of primary peak wavelength and stimulus size on metameric failure through color difference evaluations

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