Colour-Doppler sonography of the musculophrenic vein in cows

Braun, Ueli; Hoegger, R.; Haessig, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.10.027

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…To maintain normal blood circulation, the limbs were not fixed, and forceful manipulation of the leg position was avoided. Although the administration of xylazine did not change blood flow velocity or the diameter of the musculophrenic vein in cattle [25], it reduced the blood flow rate in the toe of healthy horses [30]. Therefore, we did not sedate the cows and instead dealt with a certain amount of shifting of weight between the limbs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler is a non-invasive technique for the evaluation of blood perfusion of an organ. Doppler ultrasonography has been used in cattle to study uterine blood flow [21–23], fatty liver syndrome [24], the musculophrenic vein [25] and as a tool for echocardiography [26]. A literature search (pubmed, October 2016, keywords: PW Doppler limb cattle) failed to identify publications describing the use of PW Doppler ultrasonography in the bovine foot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of arterial digital blood flow using Doppler ultrasonography in healthy dairy cows

et al. 2017

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BackgroundLocal circulatory disturbances have been implicated in the development of foot disorders in cattle. The goals of this study were to evaluate the suitability of the interdigital artery in the pastern region in both hind limbs using pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler ultrasonography and to investigate quantitative arterial blood flow variables at that site in dairy cows. An Esaote MyLabOne ultrasound machine with a 10-MHz linear transducer was used to assess blood flow in the interdigital artery in the pastern region in both hind limbs of 22 healthy German Holstein cows. The cows originated from three commercial farms and were restrained in a standing hoof trimming chute without sedation.ResultsA PW Doppler signal suitable for analysis was obtained in 17 of 22 cows. The blood flow profiles were categorised into four curve types, and the following quantitative variables were measured in three uniform cardiac cycles: vessel diameter, pulse rate, maximum systolic velocity, maximum diastolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, reverse velocity, maximum time-averaged mean velocity, blood flow rate, resistance index and persistence index. The measurements did not differ among cows from the three farms. Maximum systolic velocity, vessel diameter and pulse rate did not differ but other variables differed significantly among blood flow profiles.ConclusionsDifferences in weight-bearing are thought to be responsible for the normal variability of blood flow profiles in healthy cows. The scanning technique used in this report for evaluation of blood flow in the interdigital artery appears suitable for further investigations in healthy and in lame cows.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of arterial digital blood flow using Doppler ultrasonography in healthy dairy cows

et al. 2017

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“…It appears as a hypoechoic structure in the diaphragm a few centimetres from the 58 surface of the skin. (Braun and Götz, 1994;Braun, 2009 starting on day -9 were used. The examinations were carried out in standing, non-sedated animals 88 between 08.00 and 10.00 hours except on day 0 when they occurred 3 h after calving.…”

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confidence: 99%

B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography of the milk vein and musculophrenic vein in eight cows during lactation

Braun

Forster

Bleul

et al. 2013

Research in Veterinary Science

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Eight cows underwent Doppler sonographic examinations of the milk vein and musculophrenic vein from 9 days prepartum to 300 days postpartum. A 7.5-MHz linear transducer was used to determine the inner diameter of the veins and blood flow velocities and volumes on the left side in standing, nonsedated animals. Cows were weighed and milk yield measured at all examination times. The milk vein appeared as a vessel with an inner diameter of 2.01-2.30 cm immediately beneath the skin. The maximum blood flow velocity ranged from 23.84 to 35.76 cm/s before parturition, increased markedly on the day of calving (day 0), peaked at 61.14 cm/s on day 1 and slowly decreased to 23.84 cm/s by day 300. The profiles of the minimum and mean maximum flow velocities and flow volume were similar. The musculophrenic vein had an inner diameter of 0.76-1.07 cm and its distance from the surface of the skin was 1.15-1.31 cm. The profiles of the blood flow variables were irregular and did not resemble those of the milk vein. The maximum blood flow velocity ranged from 87.35 to 114.41 cm/s, the minimum velocity from 5.47 to 7.60 cm/s, the mean maximum velocity from 48.55 to 78.74 cm/s and the blood flow volume from 1.02 to 2.44 l/min. The milk vein had a larger diameter (2.16 versus 0.90 cm; P<0.01), smaller maximum, minimum and mean maximum blood flow velocities (P<0.01) and a larger blood flow volume than the musculophrenic vein (P<0.01).

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“…New assessments are required, particularly for subclinical mastitis, considering new technologies. Investigating the dynamics of blood flow to udder using Doppler ultrasonography is a new approach to mastitis (4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonographic features of milk veins and CMT scores in Simmental cows

DOĞAN¹

2018

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Summary:This study aimed to determine the distribution of pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonographic features of milk veins in lactating cows corresponding to udder health and the results of California Mastitis Test (CMT). Clinically healthy Simmental cows aged 3-5 years within the first 12 weeks of postpartum period were used for the study. End Diastolic Velocities (EDV), Systolic Peak Velocity (SPV), and Time-Averaged Maximum Velocity (TAMV) were the measured Doppler features of the milk veins. Numerical scales for Pulsatile Index (PI) and Resistant Index (RI) were devised in accordance with blood flow parameters. The animals were allocated to two groups according to CMT results as CMT positive (n=21) and CMT negative (n=5). No differences were found between the group regarding to PI, RI, EDV, or SPV (p>0.05). However, TAMV was found to be lower in CMT-positive animals (7.52 ± 0.85 cm/sec) compared to CMT-negative (13.90 ± 3.56 cm/sec) animals (p=0.021).

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Colour-Doppler sonography of the musculophrenic vein in cows

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Evaluation of arterial digital blood flow using Doppler ultrasonography in healthy dairy cows

Evaluation of arterial digital blood flow using Doppler ultrasonography in healthy dairy cows

B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography of the milk vein and musculophrenic vein in eight cows during lactation

Relationship between pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonographic features of milk veins and CMT scores in Simmental cows

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