“…In line with extant research (Lang et al, 2002;Lang, 2017), structural factors of in-app ads refer to elements used to present information in-app ads. Based on related research from traditional online advertising we know that the in-app ad structure is assessed based on various structural factors such as animation (Cheung et al, 2017;Li et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2019;Muñoz-Leiva et al, 2018;Seo et al, 2018), color brightness (Chiu et al, 2017;Kareklas et al, 2019;Lim et al, 2020;Moore et al, 2005), location prominence (Al-Natour et al, 2013;Calisir and Karaali, 2008;Das tan et al, 2018;Li et al, 2016) and the size (Cho, 2003;Namin et al, 2020;North and Ficorilli, 2017). The structural perceptions are furthermore determined by the similarity to the background structure of the in-app ad, which refers to the relationship of an in-app ad to its background within the app.…”