Colour‐reproduction algorithm for transmitting variable video frames and its application to capsule endoscopy

Abstract

Presented is a new power-efficient colour generation algorithm for wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) application. In WCE, transmitting colour image data from the human intestine through radio frequency (RF) consumes a huge amount of power. The conventional way is to transmit all R, G and B components of all frames. Using the proposed dictionary-based colour generation scheme, instead of sending all R, G and B frames, first one colour frame is sent followed by a series of grey-scale frames. At the receiver end, the colour information is extracted from the colour frame and then added to colourise the grey-scale frames. After a certain number of grey-scale frames, another colour frame is sent followed by the same number of grey-scale frames. This process is repeated until the end of the video sequence to maintain the colour similarity. As a result, over 50% of RF transmission power can be saved using the proposed scheme, which will eventually lead to a battery life extension of the capsule by 4-7 h. The reproduced colour images have been evaluated both statistically and subjectively by professional gastroenterologists. The algorithm is finally implemented using a WCE prototype and the performance is validated using an ex-vivo trial.

Detection of venous needle dislodgement during haemodialysis using fractional order shape index ratio and fuzzy colour relation analysis

“…The minimum and maximum grades can be obtained as follows where ρ min ≠ ρ max . According to the hue‐saturation value (HSV) colour model, the CRA‐based classifier [20, 21] is defined mathematically by transformations between red‐green‐blue (RGB) and HSV colour spaces [23]. Grey grades were converted to primary colour grades, r (red), g (green), and b (blue) as follows where r , g , and b ∈ [0, ξ ] are the red, green, and blue coordinates in the RGB colour space.…”

“…Dr = r max − r min (13) where ρ min ≠ ρ max . According to the hue-saturation value (HSV) colour model, the CRA-based classifier [20,21] is defined mathematically by transformations between red-green-blue (RGB) and HSV colour spaces [23]. Grey grades were converted to primary colour grades, r(red), g(green), and b(blue) as follows…”

European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy – Establishing the key unanswered research questions within gastrointestinal endoscopy

“…As the role of capsule endoscopy becomes more established, studies comparing the benefits and risks of deep enteroscopy against capsule endoscopy also need to be performed. Automatic reading analysis algorithms have begun to be developed for capsule endoscopy, but will require more progress before being adopted for general use [32,33].…”

Color reproduction and processing algorithm based on real-time mapping for endoscopic images

“…This phenomenon is often utilized in image compression by sending only the grayscale image or the brightness channel. The grayscale image is later colorized using a similar tone theme images, which results in a significant save of power, memory, and bandwidth (Khan et al 2015 ). There are several color reproduction algorithms available in the literature.…”