Colpomicroscopic studies of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Richart, Ralph M.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(196603)19:3<395::aid-cncr2820190313>3.0.co;2-o

Cited by 150 publications

(162 citation statements)

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“…The prevalence of CIN 3 was 0.19% (6/3088), with an age range of 35 to 51 years. If the results are compared with the literature, 14,17 they reveal that the prevalence of CIN 1 and CIN 2 is lower than in other developed countries, i.e., 1.2% vs. 2.6%, with a wider range of age population of 23-53 years in our series compared to 25-29 years in the literature. The prevalence of CIN 3 in our population was approximately 0.2%, with an age range of 35-51 years, as against 0.5% and age range of 35-39 years in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

“…HPV subtypes 6 and 11 cause benign lesions such as flat condyloma and mild atypia, whereas HPV 16, 18 and 31, that are called "oncogenic virus," produce high-grade cytological atypia (CIN 2, 3). By using Pap smear and colposcopy without biopsy in large-scale studies of patients who had had two or three abnormal cervical smears and who were followed for nine years, Richart 14 found that 50% of women with CIN 1 progressed to CIN 3, and 16% progressed to CIN 2. The remaining 28% persisted at the same grade CIN 1 and only 6% of the patients regressed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pattern of Cervical Smear Cytology in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia

Altaf

2001

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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In 1941, Papanicolaou described cervical mass screening for sexually active women for early detection of cervical cancer. 1 In 1980, cervical carcinoma was the second most frequent cancer in women throughout the world, accounting for 15% of all malignancies. Because of widespread differences in the availability of screening programs and the prevalence of risk factors, there is a marked variation in the relative frequency of cervical cancer in developing countries. The highest incidence rates have been reported from sub-Saharan Africa, Central and South America, Southeast Asia and Brazil. The lowest reported incidence rates are from the Middle East, where the incidence is particularly low among Muslims and Jews, as compared to other religious groups. 2,3 Sexual habits (age of first sexual intercourse and number of sexual partners), as well as human papilloma virus infection, play a major role in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. 4 In Saudi Arabia, carcinoma of the cervix ranks ninth in the frequency of carcinomas among Saudi females, with a prevalence rate of 3.6%. 5 The pathogenesis of cervical cancer in Muslim countries might be different from that of Western societies because some risk factors, such as number of sexual partners, differ. The objective of this study is to evaluate the importance of cervical. Pap smear in the early detection of carcinoma of the cervix and its precursors in our society, and to address the need for cancer screening programs in Saudi Arabia in order to properly estimate the magnitude of cervical cancer prevalence in the Kingdom. Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective study of previous Pap smears performed at the Pathology Department at King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, in an eight-year period from January 1990 to December 1997. Data recorded from all re-screened patients included clinical presentation and symptoms, specimen adequacy and cytological diagnosis. Some of the patients presented with gynecological symptoms, while others presented for either routine checkup and/or postpartum care. Specimen adequacy was assessed based on the presence of endocervical cells and/or metaplastic cells, as well as adequate numbers of squamous epithelial cells, i.e., more than 10% of the slides containing squamous cells.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of Cervical Smear Cytology in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia

Altaf

2001

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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“…Five microliters of first-strand cDNA (1/10 volume of first-strand cDNA obtained from 150 ng of total RNA) were mixed with a master mix composed of 40 mM tricine-KOH (pH 9.2), 15 mM KoAc, 3.5 mM Mg(OAC) 2 , 75 g/ml BSA, 0.2 mM dNTP, 0.2 M AAG CAG TGG TAT CAA CGC AGA GT and 1 ϫ Advantage KlenTaq Polymerase mix (Clontech). cDNA was then amplified by PCR using the following program profile: denaturation at 95°C for 1 min, followed by 32 cycles of 95°C for 5 sec, 65°C for 5 sec and 68°C for 3 min.…”

Section: Cdna Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are termed CIN1, CIN2 or CIN3 depending on the degree of severity. 2,3 According to a critical review of 73 studies on the natural history of CIN, the likelihood of regression of CIN1 is 60%, persistence 30%, progression to CIN3 10% and progression to invasive cancer 1%. The corresponding approximations for CIN2 are 40%, 35%, 20% and 5%.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of cancer‐related gene expression profiles in severe cervical neoplasia

Sopov

Magbagbeolu

et al. 2004

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The molecular signatures of 20 severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3) cases and 10 cervical squamous cell cancers were determined to define cancer-related gene expression profiles. RNAs extracted from microdissected tissues were amplified by SMART technology and used as probes for hybridization of commercially available cDNA array filters comprising 1,176 cancer-related genes. Ninetytwo differentially expressed genes were identified by comparison of pooled cDNA from CIN3 vs. cervical cancer. Heterogeneity in expression of this subset of genes was then analyzed for each biopsy using an algorithm for self-organizing maps. For several gene clusters, the expression pattern for CIN3 differed significantly from that of cancer. Moreover, hierarchical clustering revealed significant differences in distribution of CIN and cancer. Several CIN cases were more strongly related to cancer, suggesting that gene expression profiling may be useful for subdividing pathologically indistinguishable precancers into different biologic entities. This approach also provides a basis for the identification of putative prognostic markers and for targeted molecular therapy.

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“…In the vulva and vagina, we began to report entities such as angiomyofibroblastoma (Alameda et al, 2006) and aggressive angiomyxoma (Ockner et al, 1997) with confidence (entities that confused us previously, especially in differentiating these lesions from the more common fibroepithleial polyp) by very careful observation of the histologic features. In the cervix, we initially used the CIN (Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia) classification of the 1970s for squamous intraepithelial lesions, but in the early 2000s, we switched to the SIL (Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion) system (Richart, 1973;National Cancer Institute Workshop, 1988;Crum, 2003). Squamous intraepithelial lesions and squamous cell carcinomas of cervix are not very common in Pakistan.…”

Section: Female Genital Tract Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

How Our Practice of Histopathology, Especially Tumour Pathology has Changed in the Last Two Decades: Reflections from a Major Referral Center in Pakistan

Ahmad

Idrees²,

Fatima³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Continued advances in the field of histo pathology (and cyto pathology) over the past two decades have resulted in dramatic changes in the manner in which these disciplines are now practiced. This is especially true in the setting of a large university hospital where the role of pathologists as clinicians (diagnosticians), undergraduate and postgraduate educators, and researchers has evolved considerably. The world around us has changed significantly during this period bringing about a considerable change in our lifestyles and the way we live. This is the world of the internet and the world-wide web, the world of Google and Wikipedia, of Youtube and Facebook where anyone can obtain any information one desires at the push of a button. The practice of histo (and cyto) pathology has also evolved in line with these changes. For those practicing this discipline in a poor, developing country these changes have been breathtaking. This is an attempt to document these changes as experienced by histo (and cyto) pathologists practicing in the biggest center for Histopathology in Pakistan, a developing country in South Asia with a large (180 million) and ever growing population. The Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) in Karachi, Pakistan's largest city has since its inception in the mid-1980s transformed the way histopathology is practiced in Pakistan by incorporating modern methods and rescuing histopathology in Pakistan from the primitive and outdated groove in which it was stuck for decades. It set histopathology in Pakistan firmly on the path of modernity and change which are essential for better patient management and care through accurate and complete diagnosis and more recently prognostic and predictive information as well.

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Colpomicroscopic studies of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Cited by 150 publications

References 4 publications

Pattern of Cervical Smear Cytology in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia

Pattern of Cervical Smear Cytology in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia

Detection of cancer‐related gene expression profiles in severe cervical neoplasia

How Our Practice of Histopathology, Especially Tumour Pathology has Changed in the Last Two Decades: Reflections from a Major Referral Center in Pakistan

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