Combat exposure and migraine headache: Evidence from exogenous deployment assignment

Abstract

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Combat Exposure, Cigarette Consumption, and Substance Use

“…In Table , we use data from the NLSAAH to descriptively explore the credibility of the exogeneity of deployment assignment, in a spirit similar to Cesur, Sabia, and Tekin (, ) and Cesur and Sabia (forthcoming). Consistent with those studies, we find that conditional on military rank, timing of service, branch, and occupation, deployment assignment is orthogonal to a wide set of background characteristics: age, race, height, weight, years of schooling attained, religious affiliation, maternal educational attainment, parental marital status when the respondent was an adolescent, parental income when the respondent was an adolescent, health insurance status, as well as the respondent's predeployment risky health behaviors (smoking, binge drinking, and drug use), measured analogously to the outcome variables, when the respondents were in high school , ,…”

“…The estimation sample includes 565 individuals aged 25–32 years at the third follow‐up survey (1) who had served as an active duty service member and been deployed overseas at least once by the time of Wave IV survey; (2) whose military service started after the Wave I interview; and (3) who provided nonmissing information on combat exposure and the outcomes under study . As discussed by Cesur, Sabia, and Tekin (, ) and Cesur and Sabia (forthcoming), a key advantage of the NLSAAH is that it contains information on observables available to Human Resources Command when making deployment assignments: service members' military branch, rank, occupation, and length of military service.…”

“…Human Resources Command, in fact, deploys companies or units and generally not individual service members . Senior commanders determine unit deployment assignment based on the exigencies of the operational environment, which are driven by world events, and “the availability and readiness of suitable units” (Engel, Gallagher, and Lyle , 76) determined by equipment availability, timing of training completion, and the occupational skill set of unit members (Army Regulation 220–1; Cesur, Sabia, and Tekin , ). Neither service members' underlying propensity to engage in risky health behaviors nor their individual or family traits play a role in the location of unit deployment assignments .…”

Combat, casualties, and compensation: Evidence from Iraq and Afghanistan

“…We contribute to a growing body of literature that has examined the effects of combat deployments on a number of medium‐term and long‐term outcomes including violence, health, homelessness, family structure, and education (Ackerman, Porter, & Sullivan 2020; Armey & Lipow 2016; Cesur, Chesney, & Sabia 2016; Cesur & Sabia 2016; Cesur, Sabia, & Tekin 2013, 2015; Engel, Gallagher, & Lyle 2010; Lyle 2006; Negrusa, Negrusa, & Hosek 2014; Shen, Cunha, & Williams 2016). Consistent with the previous literature, we use the exogeneity of combat deployments to estimate the effect of combat deployments to Iraq or Afghanistan on casualty rates (see Lyle [2006] for elaboration).…”

Migraine and Stress – An Explorative Cross-Country Study of External Stress Factors

“…9 A few small cohort studies have shown statistically signi cant relationships between migraine and external stress factors, in particular work-related stress 10,11 and stress from civil war, terrorism, and combat. [12][13][14] Why is migraine the number one chronic disease among those of working age in developed countries, where work-related stress is ubiquitous? And why is migraine the number one chronic disease in developing countries suffering from con ict or civic unrest or large refugee in ows, such as Afghanistan, Syria, Venezuela, Colombia, Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon and Palestine?…”