Combating Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease

Sethwala, A.; Goh, Ian; Amerena, John

doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.003

Cited by 47 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The Canakinumab Anti-In ammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study (CANTOS) and the Colchicine Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial (COLCOT) indicated that decreasing in ammation reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, which suggests that upstream biomarkers of in ammation and intracellular sensors detecting endogenous danger signals must be targeted to achieve a desirable cardiovascular risk reduction [11,22,23]. For example, inhibition of the NLRP3-IL-1β axis may be critical for decreasing in ammation and cardiovascular risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C-reactive Protein Levels and Cardiovascular Outcomes After Febuxostat Treatment in Patients with Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia: Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Study

Kojima¹,

Uchiyama

Yokota³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Purpose: Inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Hyperuricemia is associated with the activation of the Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome. Here, we investigated whether inhibition of inflammation using febuxostat lowered the risk of cardiovascular events. Methods: This is a post-hoc analysis of the randomized trial, Febuxostat for Cerebral and CaRdiorenovascular Events PrEvEntion StuDy (FREED). In total, 1,067 patients (736 men and 331 women) were included in the analysis. We compared the serial changes in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels between febuxostat and non-febuxostat groups and assessed the correlation between the changes in uric acid (UA) and hs-CRP levels after febuxostat treatment. We also determined whether febuxostat could reduce a hard endpoint, defined as a composite of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Results: Serum UA levels in the febuxostat group were significantly lower than those in the non-febuxostat group after randomization (p<0.05). However, hs-CRP levels were comparable between the two groups during the study. No significant correlation was observed between the changes in UA and hs-CRP levels after febuxostat treatment. The hard endpoints did not differ significantly between the two groups. In patients with baseline hs-CRP levels > 0.2 mg/dL or those administered 40 mg of febuxostat, the drug did not reduce hs-CRP levels or decrease the hard endpoint. Conclusion: Febuxostat reduced the UA levels but did not affect the CRP levels, and therefore may fail to decrease cardiovascular outcomes after treatment. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT01984749).https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01984749

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C-reactive Protein Levels and Cardiovascular Outcomes After Febuxostat Treatment in Patients with Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia: Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Study

Kojima¹,

Uchiyama

Yokota³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…It is well documented that vascular inflammatory and oxidative stress boosted during atherosclerosis disease 29 . Atherosclerosis disease and endothelial damage are exacerbated by vascular inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardio-protective and Anti-atherosclerosis Effect of Crocetin on Vitamin D3 and HFD-induced Atherosclerosis in Rats

Yu¹,

Rui-hua

Song³

et al. 2021

J. Oleo Sci.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a chronic disease and causes the highest rate of death globally. CVD-related deaths account for 80% of all deaths in low and middle-income countries, such as China. Crocetin (CT), a carotenoid phytoconstituent already confirm their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in various diseases animal models. In the study, we make effort to access the cardio-protective effect of Crocetin against vitamin D3 and high fat induced atherosclerosis in rats and scrutinize the underlying mechanism. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used in this study and rats were divided into different groups and high fat diet and vitamin D was used for induction the atherosclerosis. The rats were received oral administration of crocetin ( 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) and simvastatin (0.5 mg/kg) until 30 days. At the end of the experimental period, lipid, cardiac markers, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, pro-inflammatory cytokines and atherogenic index were estimated. The mRNA expression of Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in aortic tissue of the atherosclerotic rats. Crocetin significantly reduced the aortic membrane thickness and platelet aggregation rates. Crocetin also dose-dependently reduced total cholesterol (TC), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and augmented the level of highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) level. Additionally, Crocetin significantly (p < 0.001) abridged the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) and augmented the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Furthermore, Crocetin significantly (p < 0.001) dosedependently reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Crocetin attenuated mRNA expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and MCP-1. Crocetin had anti-atherosclerosis and cardio-protective effects on vitamin D3 and high fat induced atherosclerosis in rats through antiinflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.

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“…Inflammation has been associated with numerous cardiovascular conditions, ranging from coronary heart disease to valvular heart diseases, and one of its well-known effects is promoting atherosclerosis (Wolf and Ley, 2019;Roifman et al, 2011). Thus, inflammation is considered an emerging target for the treatment of both inflammatory and commonplace heart diseases (Sethwala et al, 2021;Thackeray and Taqueti, 2020;Danesh et al, 2004). TCM's anti-inflammatory properties may contribute to its therapeutic effects on CVDs (Hao et al, 2017;Li et al, 2019).…”

Section: Inflammation-associated Heart Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Cardiovascular Diseases: the Central Role of Calcium Signaling

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Calcium, as a second messenger, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The malfunction of calcium signaling in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells promotes hypertension. In cardiomyocytes, calcium overload induces apoptosis, leading to myocardial infarction and arrhythmias. Moreover, the calcium–calcineurin–nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway is essential for expressing the cardiac pro-hypertrophic gene. Heart failure is also characterized by reduced calcium transient amplitude and enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium leakage. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat CVDs for thousands of years in China. Because of its multicomponent and multitarget characteristics, TCM's unique advantages in CVD treatment are closely related to the modulation of multiple calcium handling proteins and calcium signaling pathways in different types of cells involved in distinct CVDs. Thus, we systematically review the diverse mechanisms of TCM in regulating calcium pathways to treat various types of CVDs, ranging from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to diabetic heart disease.

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Combating Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 47 publications

References 80 publications

C-reactive Protein Levels and Cardiovascular Outcomes After Febuxostat Treatment in Patients with Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia: Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Study

C-reactive Protein Levels and Cardiovascular Outcomes After Febuxostat Treatment in Patients with Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia: Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Study

Cardio-protective and Anti-atherosclerosis Effect of Crocetin on Vitamin D3 and HFD-induced Atherosclerosis in Rats

Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Cardiovascular Diseases: the Central Role of Calcium Signaling

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