Combating Open Defecation through Community-led Sanitation

Dandabathula, Giribabu; Bharadwaj, Pankaj; Sitiraju, Rutvik; Burra, Mithilesh; Rao, Peddineni Prasada; Reddy, C. Sudhakar

doi:10.2991/dsahmj.k.190626.001

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Poor empting and constructing new toilet facilities might also be the causes of communicable diseases and settlement of the land even after years of contamination. Studies conducted by [ 51 , 52 ] and [ 44 ] supported the present study that open defecation is the causes of many communicable diseases [ 53 ]. Open defecation could have a greater probability of polluting the nearby surface water resources [ 54 ] which then be consumed by those residents who depends on unprotected water sources and downstream community.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Challenges of sanitation in developing counties - Evidenced from a study of fourteen towns, Ethiopia

Adugna

2023

Heliyon

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Challenges of sanitation in developing counties - Evidenced from a study of fourteen towns, Ethiopia

Adugna

2023

Heliyon

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“…However, the approach taken to resolve the sanitation issues are playing a major role in shaping the outcomes. The strong political will and partnership with donor agencies like WHO, UNICEF, World Bank, national and local level NGOs have made Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka open defecation free (Giribabu et al 2019 ; Lindamood et al 2021 ; Haque et al 2022 ). National level programs like Sanitation and Water for All (SWA) in Bhutan and Nepal, National Sanitation Program in Bangladesh, Clean Indian Mission in India have increased access to safely managed sanitation (WaterAid 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Situational assessment for fecal sludge management in major cities of Pakistan

Maqbool

Shahid

Khan

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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With enhanced focus on global sanitation, access to toilets at the household level is increasing in developing countries although the provision of sewer networks is not expanding at the same pace. This is resulting in the adaptation of on-site sanitation facilities to contain the fecal sludge. The fecal sludge generated by the on-site sanitation facilities requires emptying, treatment, and safe end-use or disposal. In this study, the sanitation situation and need for fecal sludge management was evaluated in major cities of Pakistan including Karachi (provincial capital), Lahore (provincial capital), and Islamabad (national capital). Primary and secondary data were collected from key informant interviews of the stakeholders, national and international reports, research, and review articles. Infographics on wastewater and fecal sludge from origin to disposal were developed using a shit flow diagram tool and enabling environment was evaluated with a modified service delivery assessment tool. The results indicate that sewerage network coverage exists for 60%, 63%, and 50% of the areas in Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad respectively. The sewerage network in major cities is old, leaking, and insufficient, thus a limited amount of wastewater reaches the treatment plants. Total wastewater treatment in Karachi and Islamabad is 10% and 9% respectively whereas, in Lahore, there is no infrastructure for the same. The safe sanitation in Lahore (8%) and Islamabad (25%) is coming from on-site sanitation systems with fecal sludge buried safely onsite. National level sanitation programs exist in the country but are limited to reducing open defecation and containments of fecal sludge only. The inclusion of complete fecal sludge management related framework, guidelines, and policies can help achieve the goal of safe sanitation for all.

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“…Public health is at stake because open defecation enables transmission of infectious disease via fecal-oral route. 4 , 5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latrine Utilization and Associated Factors Among Rural Households in Southwest Ethiopia: Risk, Attitude, Norms, Ability, and Self-Regulation Behavioral Model

Golla

Gelgelu

Adane

et al. 2023

Environ�Health�Insights

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Background: Consistent latrine utilization remains a challenge in most rural areas of poor and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. Therefore; the objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of latrine utilization and its associated factors among rural households in open defecation-free declared (ODF) and non-ODF kebeles, Southwest Ethiopia, 2022. Methods: A community-based comparative cross sectional study design was employed from May 16 to June 14, 2022 among 682 (341 ODF and 341 non-ODF) rural households which were selected by multistage systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected by face to face using a pretested structured questionnaire and an observational checklist through Open data kit. SPSS version 26 was used to analysis the data and separate logistic regression models; ODF and non-ODF were run to identify the associated factors. P-values <.05 with 95% CI were set as statistical significant. Result: The overall magnitude of latrine utilization in the study area was 67.1% (95% CI: 63.71, 70.49). Latrine utilization was higher in ODF declared households (71.6%) than in non-ODF households (62.5%). In ODF; Graduated as model households [AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 2.14, 12.84], visited by health extension works (HEWs) [AOR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.67, 7.25], and latrine with privacy [AOR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.37, 6.65] and also in non-ODF; households visited by HEWs [AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.34, 6.06], latrine with privacy [AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.24, 5.07], positive attitude [AOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.52, 6.59], and descriptive norm [AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.27, 5.53] were significantly associated with latrine utilization. Conclusion: This study found that rural households declared as ODF utilize their latrine higher than non-ODF. Constructing latrine without privacy, lack of follow up, Attitude and societal norms were factors that limited the utilization of latrine and the sustainability of ODF. Therefore, health extension follow-up, latrine construction with privacy, normative and persuasive behavior change approach should be encouraged.

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Combating Open Defecation through Community-led Sanitation

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Challenges of sanitation in developing counties - Evidenced from a study of fourteen towns, Ethiopia

Challenges of sanitation in developing counties - Evidenced from a study of fourteen towns, Ethiopia

Situational assessment for fecal sludge management in major cities of Pakistan

Latrine Utilization and Associated Factors Among Rural Households in Southwest Ethiopia: Risk, Attitude, Norms, Ability, and Self-Regulation Behavioral Model

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