Combatting African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) in livestock: The potential role of trypanotolerance

Yaro, Mohammed; Munyard, Kylie; Stear, M. J.; Groth, David

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.05.003

Cited by 84 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…Further, none of the livestock keepers who kept such trypanotolerant breeds used trypanocidal drugs regularly to control the infection. According to various researchers ( Dayo et al , 2009; Maganga et al , 2017; Mattioli et al , 1998; Rege et al , 1994; Yaro et al , 2016), trypanotolerant breeds possess the ability to survive, reproduce and remain productive in areas of high tsetse challenge without the need for the use of chemicals to control the vector or drugs to control the parasite, despite being equally susceptible to trypanosome infection. This study thus calls attention to the need to deploy trypanotolerant WASH and N’Dama cattle in integrated tsetse and trypanosomosis control programmes in low-input traditional African farming systems in medium, high and severe tsetse challenge areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trypanotolerant breeds, although equally susceptible to initial infection by trypanosomes, possess the ability to survive, reproduce and remain productive in areas of high tsetse challenge without the need for the use of chemicals to control the vector or drugs to control the parasite ( Dayo et al , 2009; Mattioli et al , 1998; Rege et al , 1994; Trail et al , 1990; Yaro et al , 2016), where other breeds rapidly succumb to the disease ( Berthier et al , 2015; Mattioli et al , 1998; Murray & Dexter, 1988). The trypanotolerant trait is generally attributed to the taurine breeds of cattle in West and Central Africa, namely, the N’Dama and the West African shorthorn (WASH) ( Hoste et al , 1992; Maganga et al , 2017; Mattioli et al , 1998; Mattioli et al , 1999; Roelants, 1986; Trail et al , 1990; Trail et al , 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Haematology of N’Dama and West African Short Horn cattle herds under natural Trypanosoma vivax challenge in Ghana

et al. 2018

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Animal trypanosomosis is a major cause of economic loss in Background: livestock production in Africa. A suggested control measure is to use breeds with traits of trypanotolerance. The study examines the effect of natural challenge on haematological parameters in two Trypanosoma vivax trypanotolerant cattle [N'Dama and West African Short Horn (WASH)] herds.-specific primers were used to diagnose infection in Methods: T. vivax T. vivax an N'Dama herd at Cape Coast in southern Ghana and a WASH herd at Chegbani in northern Ghana from May to July 2011 in a cross-sectional study. Levels of haematological parameters comprising packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and total red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts; differential WBC counts (neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils); and RBC indices of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were determined in blood samples and then compared between infected and uninfected cattle.We found that haematological indices for infected and uninfected Results: animals in both breeds were within the normal range. However, the mean PCV values for -infected WASH and N'Dama were lower in infected T. vivax compared to uninfected animals. The difference was significant ( < 0.05) in p N'Dama but not in WASH. The RBC indices were higher in infected N'Dama compared to infected WASH with a significant difference in total RBC ( < p 0.05).We conclude from our findings that despite the presence of Conclusion: infection by , N'Dama and WASH cattle maintained their T. vivax haematological parameters within acceptable normal ranges, and this underscores the need for routine diagnosis and treatment so that such trypanotolerant cattle do not serve as potential reservoirs of trypanosome parasites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematology of N’Dama and West African Short Horn cattle herds under natural Trypanosoma vivax challenge in Ghana

et al. 2018

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“…African trypanosomes are strictly extracellular single-celled protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Trypanosoma , which cause debilitating diseases in humans and livestock and consequently significantly affect the socioeconomic development of sub-Saharan Africa (1). About 70 million people distributed over a surface of one and a half million square kilometers are estimated to be at risk for contracting sleeping sickness in Africa (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

African Trypanosomes Undermine Humoral Responses and Vaccine Development: Link with Inflammatory Responses?

et al. 2017

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African trypanosomosis is a debilitating disease of great medical and socioeconomical importance. It is caused by strictly extracellular protozoan parasites capable of infecting all vertebrate classes including human, livestock, and game animals. To survive within their mammalian host, trypanosomes have evolved efficient immune escape mechanisms and manipulate the entire host immune response, including the humoral response. This report provides an overview of how trypanosomes initially trigger and subsequently undermine the development of an effective host antibody response. Indeed, results available to date obtained in both natural and experimental infection models show that trypanosomes impair homeostatic B-cell lymphopoiesis, B-cell maturation and survival and B-cell memory development. Data on B-cell dysfunctioning in correlation with parasite virulence and trypanosome-mediated inflammation will be discussed, as well as the impact of trypanosomosis on heterologous vaccine efficacy and diagnosis. Therefore, new strategies aiming at enhancing vaccination efficacy could benefit from a combination of (i) early parasite diagnosis, (ii) anti-trypanosome (drugs) treatment, and (iii) anti-inflammatory treatment that collectively might allow B-cell recovery and improve vaccination.

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“…24 It is noteworthy that introgression of genes of trypanosusceptible breeds into West African dwarf goat populations is occurring leading to loss of their trypanotolerance. 25 Therefore, there is need to explore the host genome for the genetic architecture of the trypanotolerance trait and identify candidate genes to be recognised as selection signatures.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[27][28][29] Further details on the genetic basis of trypanotolerance across various species are available in a recent review by Yaro et al, 24 and the limitations of genetic studies with regard to their application in genomic selection are also reviewed by Meuwissen et al, 30 offering insights into improved genomic selection in animal breeding.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolving anti-disease strategies from biochemical pathogenesis of african trypanosomiasis

Igbokwe¹

2018

ACP

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African trypanosomes are transmitted biologically by tsetse flies (Glossina spp) to humans and animals to cause African trypanosomiasis or trypanosomosis (sleeping sickness or Ngana). The pathology associated with the disease includes blood dyscrasia (anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia), organ damage and inflammation. The infected host's metabolism is altered in response to the disease. The biochemical configuration and functions of the cell membrane, mitochondria, and cytosolic components are deranged by the infection. Cells of the infected host respond biochemically by producing chemical signals which regulate biochemical pathways, influence inflammatory responses and modify structural components. Several biochemical tools have been used to elucidate the biomolecules expressed in the disease. These biomolecules are also markers for diagnostic purposes and pathophysiological evaluations. The technologies involved in the biochemical studies are expanding from basic techniques of colorimetry, spectophotometry, and chromatography to sophisticated mass spectrometry. There are new trends employing systematics such as genomics, proteomics and metabolomics (metabonomics). The goal is to identify molecules and biochemical loci which can provide avenue for anti-disease strategies needed to treat and control the disease.

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Combatting African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) in livestock: The potential role of trypanotolerance

Cited by 84 publications

References 123 publications

Haematology of N’Dama and West African Short Horn cattle herds under natural Trypanosoma vivax challenge in Ghana

Haematology of N’Dama and West African Short Horn cattle herds under natural Trypanosoma vivax challenge in Ghana

African Trypanosomes Undermine Humoral Responses and Vaccine Development: Link with Inflammatory Responses?

Evolving anti-disease strategies from biochemical pathogenesis of african trypanosomiasis

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