Combination of 2- tert -Butyl-1,4-Benzoquinone (TBQ) and ZnO Nanoparticles, a New Strategy To Inhibit Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors of Chromobacterium violaceum

Abstract

The combination of ZnO-NPs and TBQ (ZnO-TBQ) can compete with the inducer N -decanoyl-homoserine lactone (C 10 -HSL) by binding to CviR and downregulate genes related to the CviI/CviR system to interrupt the QS system of C. violaceum ATCC 12472. The downstream genes responding to cviR were also downregulated so that virulence factors and biofilm formation were inhibited.

Nanomaterials Regulate Bacterial Quorum Sensing: Applications, Mechanisms, and Optimization Strategies

“…Furthermore, nanomaterials can bind to sites other than the signal molecule binding site of the receptor in a noncompetitive manner and directly modify the receptor or receptor signaling complex, resulting in a decline in its stability and rapid hydrolysis, or making it unable to interact with the promoter or RNA polymerase of the target gene because of conformational changes; these effects result in blockade of QS signal transduction cascades. [ 13 , 23 ] For example, flavonoid‐loaded nanocapsules bind to the domain of non‐signal molecular binding sites on the receptor LuxR, resulting in conformational changes in LuxR, thus preventing it from binding to the DNA promoter. [ 128 ] Besides, nanomaterials themselves can also noncompetitively inhibit the binding of signal molecules to QS receptors.…”

“…Whole genome RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomic analysis revealed significant changes in bacterial metabolic pathways (including iron homeostasis, redox balance, amino acid metabolism, and respiration) after exposure to nanomaterials with QS regulatory activity. [ 13 , 56 , 81 , 99 ] In the future, further clarification of the role of the abovementioned metabolic pathways in bacterial QS regulation by nanomaterials will enable in‐depth exploration of the mechanisms. (2) evaluation of the influence of nanomaterials with QS regulatory activity on the signal transmission network related to virulence generation.…”

“…[ 12 ] Moreover, nanomaterials can synergize multiple mechanisms through combination strategies to maximize antibacterial effects while reducing the risk of bacterial resistance. [ 13 ]…”

“…[12] Moreover, nanomaterials can synergize multiple mechanisms through combination strategies to maximize antibacterial effects while reducing the risk of bacterial resistance. [13] Because QS is a dynamic multistep process, the specific regulatory mechanism and related influencing factors of nanomaterials in each step are different. [14] An in-depth understanding of the specific regulation mechanism and related influencing factors of nanomaterials in each step is required to optimize the QS regulatory activity of nanomaterials and to develop novel nanomaterials with better comprehensive properties.…”