Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection. Itraconazole and terbinafine
are the most recommended antifungal drugs for chromoblastomycosis, while
amphotericin B is not usually recommended. A patient with chromoblastomycosis in
our hospital showed poor clinical responses to itraconazole and terbinafine. The
fungus isolated from the lesions of this patient was identified as
Fonsecaea nubica
and numbered zssy0803.
In
vitro
antifungal susceptibilities of
F. nubica
zssy0803 to terbinafine, amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole and
caspofungin were evaluated, as well as the combinations of terbinafine with the
other four antifungals. The combined effect of terbinafine and amphotericin B on
other 20 clinical
F. nubica
strains was also evaluated. The
minimal inhibitory concentrations of terbinafine, amphotericin B, itraconazole,
voriconazole and caspofungin on
F. nubica
zssy0803 were 0.25
μg/mL, 2 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 4 μg/mL and 8 μg/mL, respectively. The combination of
terbinafine and amphotericin B showed the lowest fractional inhibitory
concentration index of 0.28 to
F. nubica
zssy0803 in comparison
with combinations of terbinafine and the other four antifungal drugs. The
combination of terbinafine and amphotericin B was also synergistic for all the
other 20
F. nubica
strains. Then, the combination of oral
terbinafine (500 mg/day) and intralesional injections of amphotericin B (1 mg/mL)
was used to treat this patient. After this combined therapy for 25 weeks and
terbinafine monotherapy for additional 12 weeks, the patient was cured. These
findings indicate for the first time that terbinafine and amphotericin B are
synergistic in killing
F. nubica
both
in vitro
and
in vivo
.