Combination of Aortic Stent Grafting and Arterial Embolization for Bronchial Artery Aneurysm Associated with Bronchial–Pulmonary Arterial Fistula

Endovascular Treatment of Multiple Bronchial Artery Aneurysms With Prominent Fistula to Pulmonary Artery in a Patient With Interstitial Lung Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review

“…Complicated bronchial artery lesions have been reported, such as multiple aneurysms, [4][5][6] aneurysm with short neck, 7 and aneurysm arising from major vessels. 8,9 In the present case, a patient diagnosed with interstitial lung disease was found with multiple BAAs connecting to the right pulmonary and subclavian arteries. She underwent transcatheter embolization of the feeding vessels.…”

“…The etiology of BAA remains unclarified, but previous literature indicated associations with increased bronchial artery blood flow and weakening or injury of the vessel walls. 8 Diseases relevant to multiple BAAs are bronchiectasis, 14,15 hypertension, 7,10,19 atherosclerosis, 10 interstitial lung disease, 15 mycobacteria infection, 17 and scleroderma. 17 Congenital malformation was also considered a cause of BAA.…”

“…Complicated bronchial artery lesions have been reported, such as multiple aneurysms, 4 -6 aneurysm with short neck, 7 and aneurysm arising from major vessels. 8,9…”

Successful Treatment of Bronchial Artery Aneurysms Associated With Racemose Hemangioma by Combined Therapy of Transcatheter Bronchial Artery Embolization and Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair

“…Seven cases of BAA treated with combined therapy of transcatheter BAE and TEVAR (Table 1) have been reported in the English literature so far. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Some authors reported successful treatment with TEVAR alone 14,15 BAE is not always necessary because the outflow bronchial artery finally returns to the pulmonary artery, which is the low-pressure system. 9 However, there is an opposite view that BAE should be performed at the same time as TEVAR 5,10,12 because if retrograde blood flow comes to the aneurysm, this may result in rupturing of the aneurysm.…”

A Ruptured Mediastinal Bronchial Artery Aneurysm Treated with Urgent Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair

“…TAE is often the first choice for a ruptured BAA because of its low invasiveness, although it is sometimes difficult when the aneurysm has a short neck. In such cases, previous studies reported the successful treatment effects of a stent graft for BAA (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) (Table). However, most of the treatments in these previous studies were indicated for an unruptured BAA, while only two reports indicated a ruptured BAA (8,15).…”