Combination of chronic mild stress and forced swim test in male and female rats: Behavioral and neurochemical effects

Dalla, Christina; Xagoraris, Magdaleni; Daskas, S.; Αντωνίου, Κατερίνα; Sfikakis, Anastasia; Papadopoulou-Daifoti, Z.

doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(02)80317-0

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Regarding the FST, we found that CUS increased immobility and diminished climbing times only in the pre-test session. Others have also found that CUS induced high immobility levels only at the first FST exposure 45,48,63,83 . These results contrast with evidence showing that CUS lasting three to six weeks is sufficient to increase immobility in test session 39,50,57,67,75 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Behavioural characterisation of chronic unpredictable stress based on ethologically relevant paradigms in rats

Sequeira‐Cordero

Salas-Bastos

Fornaguera

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) paradigm is extensively used in preclinical research. However, CUS exhibits translational inconsistencies, some of them resulting from the use of adult rodents, despite the evidence that vulnerability for many psychiatric disorders accumulates during early life. Here, we assessed the validity of the CUS model by including ethologically-relevant paradigms in juvenile rats. Thus, socially-isolated (SI) rats were submitted to CUS and compared with SI (experiment 1) and group-housed controls (experiment 1 and 2). We found that lower body-weight gain and hyperlocomotion, instead of sucrose consumption and preference, were the best parameters to monitor the progression of CUS, which also affected gene expression and neurotransmitter contents associated with that CUS-related phenotype. The behavioural characterisation after CUS placed locomotion and exploratory activity as the best stress predictors. By employing the exploratory factor analysis, we reduced each behavioural paradigm to few latent variables which clustered into two general domains that strongly predicted the CUS condition: (1) hyper-responsivity to novelty and mild threats, and (2) anxiety/depressive-like response. Altogether, the analyses of observable and latent variables indicate that early-life stress impairs the arousal-inhibition system leading to augmented and persistent responses towards novel, rewarding, and mildly-threatening stimuli, accompanied by lower body-weight gain.

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