Combination of Enteral Nutrition and Probiotics Promote Recovery Following Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomosis in Rats

Zheng, Ting; Gao, Ying; Xu, Yanyan; Chen, Zongran; Wang, Xin; Liu, Jian; Lv, Gang

doi:10.1007/s10753-020-01372-0

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The animals were randomly divided into the following five experimental groups: (1) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) only, (2) 1.5 mg/kg MDP+LPS, (3) 15 mg/kg MDP+LPS, (4) 1.5 mg/kg MDP+SPEN+LPS, and (5) 15 mg/kg MDP+SPEN+LPS. The thermal calories were constant across all groups, and we followed the dosage method from Zheng et al (13) The LPS group received only Peptisorb (Nutricia, China). The MDP+LPS groups received two 2 mL oral administrations of MDP (1.5 or 15 mg/kg mixed with purified water; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) with 2 h between administrations, followed by Peptisorb after 8 h. The MDP+SPEN+LPS groups received two 2 mL oral administrations of MDP (1.5 or 15 mg/kg) and Peptisorb dissolved together in 4 mL of purified water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muramyl Dipeptide Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Intestinal Inflammatory Cytokine Responses in Rats

Zhao,

Dai,

et al. 2024

Shock

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Introduction Intestinal flora and the translocation of its products, such as muramyl dipeptide (MDP), are common causes of sepsis. MDP is a common activator of the intracellular pattern recognition receptor NOD2, and MDP translocation can cause inflammatory damage to the small intestine and systemic inflammatory responses in rats. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of MDP on the intestinal mucosa and distant organs during sepsis and the role of the NOD2/AMPK/LC3 pathway in MDP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the intestinal epithelium. Methods Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five treatment groups: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) only, 1.5 and 15 mg/kg MDP + LPS, and 1.5 and 15 mg/kg MDP + short-peptide enteral nutrition (SPEN) + LPS. The total caloric intake was the same per group. The rats were euthanized 24 hours after establishing the model, and peripheral blood and small intestinal mucosal and lung tissues were collected. Results Compared to the LPS group, both MDP + LPS groups had aggravated inflammatory damage to the intestinal mucosal and lung tissues, increased IL-6 and MDP production, increased NOD2 expression, decreased AMPK and LC3 expression, increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Compared to the MDP + LPS groups, the MDP + SPEN+LPS groups had decreased IL-6 and MDP production, increased AMPK and LC3 protein expression, and protected mitochondrial and organ functions. Conclusions MDP translocation reduced mitochondrial autophagy by regulating the NOD2/AMPK/LC3 pathway, causing mitochondrial dysfunction. SPEN protected against MDP-induced impairment of intestinal epithelial mitochondrial function during sepsis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%