Background.Limited studies have examined associations of gaseous air pollutants exposure with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Europe. This study aimed to calculate the relationships between long-term exposure to ambient sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and benzene and CKD in the UK.Methods.We included 502,369 participants from the UK biobank cohort. Associations of SO2, CO, O3, and benzene with CKD were estimated using Cox proportional hazards model. The shape of the exposure-response association between each air pollutant and CKD was then depicted using the shape constrained health impact function. We finally estimated the incidence of CKD attributable to each air pollutant by linking the constructed exposure-response association to the 2019 Global Burden of Disease data.Results.Our results suggested SO2, high O3 days (daily max 8-hr O3 concentration > 120 µg/m3), CO, and benzene were positively associated with the risk of incident CKD. The HRs of CKD for SO2, CO, and benzene were 1.058 (95%CI: 1.039-1.078), 1.003 (95%CI: 1.001-1.005), and 1.619 (1.433-1.829) for every 1 µg/m3 increase in the concentration, respectively. For high O3 days, the HR of CKD was 1.044 (95%CI: 1.032-1.056) for every 1 day increase, but correlation to O3 concentration did not to reach the statistical significance in the time-varying model. The risk of CKD increased non-linearly with increasing SO2, high O3 days, and CO, and linearly with increasing benzene. We estimated that 7.9%, 16.0%, 8.0% of incident CKD cases in the UK in 2021 could be attributed to exposure to SO2, O3, and benzene, respectively.Conclusions.Exposure to SO2, CO, O3, and benzene were all positively associated with increased CKD risk. Our findings highlight the importance of considering air pollution while making strategies targeting on CKD management.