“…Fractional calculus operators are also exploited to design novel recursive/adaptive algorithms as well as evolutionary/swarm computation heuristics for different optimization tasks involved in engineering and science applications. For example, fractional gradient descent/fractional least mean square algorithm was proposed for various applications including recommender systems [10], channel estimation [11], automatic identification system [12], power system optimization [13], economics [14], radar signal processing [15], system identification [16,17], Hammerstein output error identification [18], wireless sensor network [19], neural network optimization [20][21][22][23][24], chaotic time-series prediction [25,26], oscillator [27], vibration rejection [28], nonlinear AR-MAX identification [29] and parameter estimation of input nonlinear control autoregressive (IN-CAR) systems [29,30].…”