Combination of Immunotherapy and Radiation Therapy in Gastrointestinal Cancers: An Appraisal of the Current Literature and Ongoing Research

Kumar, Ritesh; Kim, Jongmyung; Deek, Matthew P.; Eskander, Mariam F.; Gulhati, Pat; In, Haejin; Kennedy, Timothy J.; Shah, Mihir M.; Grandhi, Miral S.; Berim, Lyudmyla; Spencer, Kristen; Langan, Russell C.; Hochster, Howard S.; Boland, Patrick M.; Jabbour, Salma K.

doi:10.3390/curroncol30070473

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The expression of PD-L1 was 15% and 50% in the biopsy and resected tumor before and after radiotherapy, respectively (p=0.0005) (46). In addition, high dose radiotherapy per fraction may potentiate the effect of immunotherapy through the abscopal effect, and potentially improve survival through a reduction of distant metastases (47). As standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer is preoperative chemoradiation, we postulate that combining those two modalities may increase further PD-L1 expression, and may lead to a better immune response.…”

Section: Modulation Of Pd-l1 In Patients With Rectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy and radiotherapy for older patients with locally advanced rectal cancer unfit for surgery or decline surgery: a practical proposal by the International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group

Nguyen,

Mohammadianpanah,

SunMyint

et al. 2024

Front. Oncol.

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The standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer is total neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgical resection. Current evidence suggests that selected patients may be able to delay or avoid surgery without affecting survival rates if they achieve a complete clinical response (CCR). However, for older cancer patients who are too frail for surgery or decline the surgical procedure, local recurrence may lead to a deterioration of patient quality of life. Thus, for clinicians, a treatment algorithm which is well tolerated and may improve CCR in older and frail patients with rectal cancer may improve the potential for prolonged remission and potential cure. Recently, immunotherapy with check point inhibitors (CPI) is a promising treatment in selected patients with high expression of program death ligands receptor 1 (PD- L1). Radiotherapy may enhance PD-L1 expression in rectal cancer and may improve response rate to immunotherapy. We propose an algorithm combining immunotherapy and radiotherapy for older patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who are too frail for surgery or who decline surgery.

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Section: Modulation Of Pd-l1 In Patients With Rectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy and radiotherapy for older patients with locally advanced rectal cancer unfit for surgery or decline surgery: a practical proposal by the International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group

Nguyen,

Mohammadianpanah,

SunMyint

et al. 2024

Front. Oncol.

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show abstract

“…Even with a slight decline in incidence rates due to progress in early detection techniques, mortality rates for patients with advanced, inoperable GI cancers remain alarmingly high. Amidst this scenario, the latest advancements in tumor immunotherapy have surfaced as a ray of hope for these advanced stages (3). Conventional treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, often lead to suboptimal outcomes, marked by local and distant recurrence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways and molecules for overcoming immunotolerance in metastatic gastrointestinal tumors

Gan,

Li,

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Worldwide, gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is recognized as one of the leading malignancies diagnosed in both genders, with mortality largely attributed to metastatic dissemination. It has been identified that in GI cancer, a variety of signaling pathways and key molecules are modified, leading to the emergence of an immunotolerance phenotype. Such modifications are pivotal in the malignancy’s evasion of immune detection. Thus, a thorough analysis of the pathways and molecules contributing to GI cancer’s immunotolerance is vital for advancing our comprehension and propelling the creation of efficacious pharmacological treatments. In response to this necessity, our review illuminates a selection of groundbreaking cellular signaling pathways associated with immunotolerance in GI cancer, including the Phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Akt, Janus kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3, Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, Transforming Growth Factor-beta/Smad, Notch, Programmed Death-1/Programmed Death-Ligand 1, and Wingless and INT-1/beta-catenin-Interleukin 10. Additionally, we examine an array of pertinent molecules like Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase, Human Leukocyte Antigen G/E, Glycoprotein A Repetitions Predominant, Clever-1, Interferon regulatory factor 8/Osteopontin, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3, Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1, Cell division control protein 42 homolog, and caspases-1 and -12.

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The Next Chapter in Immunotherapy and Radiation Combination Therapy: Cancer-Specific Perspectives

Wisdom,

Barker,

Chang

et al. 2024

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics

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Combination of Immunotherapy and Radiation Therapy in Gastrointestinal Cancers: An Appraisal of the Current Literature and Ongoing Research

Cited by 4 publications

References 64 publications

Immunotherapy and radiotherapy for older patients with locally advanced rectal cancer unfit for surgery or decline surgery: a practical proposal by the International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group

Immunotherapy and radiotherapy for older patients with locally advanced rectal cancer unfit for surgery or decline surgery: a practical proposal by the International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group

Pathways and molecules for overcoming immunotolerance in metastatic gastrointestinal tumors

The Next Chapter in Immunotherapy and Radiation Combination Therapy: Cancer-Specific Perspectives

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