Combination of microwave‐assisted extraction with dispersive micro solid‐phase extraction as an efficient sample pretreatment method for the extraction of some antiparasitic drugs from cow liver, meat, and kidney samples

Abstract

A simple pretreatment method based on the combination of microwave-assisted extraction and dispersive micro solid phase extraction has been developed for the extraction of eprinomectin, doramectin, ivermectin, and abamectin from cow meat, liver, and kidney samples. The extracted drugs were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode array detector. In this method, the solid samples were mixed with deionized water and organic solvent mixture, and the resulting mixtures were exposed to microwave irradiations to accelerate the analytes' extraction from the samples into the solution. Then, the supernatant was taken and mixed with a mixture of three sorbents optimized by a simplex centroid design. After vortexing and centrifuging, the sorbent particles were isolated and the adsorbed analytes onto the sorbent surface eluted with a natural deep eutectic solvent for more concentration. After centrifuging, the supernatant was taken and injected into the separation system. Acceptable repeatability (relative standard deviations ≤7.0%), high extraction recoveries (72%-86%) and enrichment factors (216-258), and low limits of detection and quantification (0.06-0.10 and 0.19-0.32 ng/g, respectively)were acquired. The method was successfully applied for the assessment of the analytes in the mentioned samples and ivermectin was found in three samples.

A microwave‐assisted extraction method combined with magnetic ionic liquid‐based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of chloramine–T from fish samples prior to its determination by high‐performance liquid chromatography

“…Also, DLLME cannot be directly applied on solid samples or complex matrices. To solve this problem, before applying DLLME process, another extraction method like microwave–assisted extraction (MAE) is performed in which the analytes are extracted from solid sample matrix into a liquid at an elevated temperature [18]. Microwave irradiations are utilized to heat the mixture of sample and extraction solvent in order to increase the migration rate of analytes from the solid sample into extractant.…”

Comparison of the applicability of electromembrane extraction and liquid‐phase microextraction for extraction of non‐polar basic drugs from different biological samples: Using clozapine as the model analyte

“…As shown in Figure 5D, the introduction of salt did not exhibit any noticeable impact on the SLM‐LPME process concerning clozapine from liver tissue samples, possibly due to the ionic effect being greater than the salting‐out effect [41]. In addition, adding an organic solvent to the donor phase could facilitate the release of analytes from the sample matrix [42]. Thus, methanol up to 10% was added to the spiked liver tissue samples.…”